Good day, Dr. Subhendu Sekhar Sahoo. I'm Arjun. I've had a look through your background and your professional record. I'm interested in hearing more about your work and how you see yourself fitting in here with our faculty. Ready to start?

Please start by introducing your professional journey in academia.

Good afternoon, respected Sir. Good afternoon, respected ma'am. I'm Doctor Suvinder Sakhar S I've completed my PhD from IIT, SM Dhanbad and M10 from NITCH and B.Tech from Biju Patnaik University of Technology. And during my PhD, I have published around 35, more than 35 international and National Journal and conferences.

Lies on the renewable energy, power system, power electronics, and uh.

In from 2021 to 2025, I was working in Gandhi Super technological advancement and after that I joined Bignan Institute of Information Technology Visa Patna. During my academic career, I have guided many students.

On their projects as well as the the research, I help them to publish several papers and I motivated for them to learn about the recent careers like recent innovation and great exams.

And during my PhD time, I was working in a WF industrial generator based wind energy compensation system. Fault right through.

Understood, Professor. Let me begin systematically. Could you elaborate on your expertise in Power Electronics, Power Systems, or Control Systems? Pick one of these areas and explain your involvement in depth—either through your research, teaching, or projects.

Yes, it is power system.

And during my PhD time, I was working in Roblox index engineered based wind energy conversion system. All tried through in that fault right through whenever in case of double feed index engineered, what happens? Actually nowadays the renewable energy is growing and the requirement from the population is also enhancing. So for.

Completing that we are having renewable energy sources and wind energy conversion system is showing more requirement and more efficient that's why ward induction generator is having.

Variable speed, wind speed system. But in case of W5 induction generator, what happens when memory any kind of fault happens? The grid is connected with the direct with the starter, so the starter is only vulnerable. And for any kind of world, the rotor current, starter current dieseling over voltage and eliminated torque oscillates and those quantity exceeds more than the threshold value. So it is difficult for the system to be.

Connected with the grid, that's called fault write through. OK, so, uh, in that the power system is related like, uh, different kind of fold and their scenario like, uh, uh, single line to ground fault, line to line fault, line to line to ground fault. Then triple L means line to line to line fault and triple LG means line to line to line to ground fault. These are the different faults. And uh, uh, these are categories into symmetrical font and symmetrical fault. So in case of symmetrical fault.

Also, as well as asymmetrical fault fault, I have analyzed the W field induction generator and I observed the severity of different starter current, rotor current, distilling overvoltage and electromagnetic. And I have implemented several methods like energy storage method as well as the series dynamic resistance methods as well as.

Non.

Enhancement of deminization control method and DC superconducting fault method. These are the different methods I used and I am teaching on the power system like a basic transmission line distribution and not.

Task Generation. Transmission Distributions.

Thank you, Professor, for that detailed explanation. Your work on fault ride-through enhancement and your analysis of faults in doubly-fed induction generators shows substantial expertise in the field of Power Systems. Now, could you share an example of how you translated such advanced research into your teaching? Specifically, how do you simplify these complex concepts—fault ride-through, fault severity analysis, or fault mitigation methods—for undergraduate students or junior researchers in your courses?

Link this thing with the practical analysis like the transmission line, the student are on the daily basis they can observe the transmission line and uh, we can relate with this power system like in the power system generation, transmission distribution, they can easily sign the distribution line and overhead lines everywhere. And depending on that, what is the fault, different type of fault is happening. So different fault I can categorize them that how the fault is occurring like.

Yes, Sir. Like, uh, I'll be.

Series fault or sun fault and how it is happening?

So this fault they will analyze and their severity like how the severity fault is like we need to calculate the sequence components and then what is the amount of fault current and what happens whenever they'll like 3 phase line to ground fault or three phase fault or line to line fault, line to line to ground fault or single line to ground fault. And I can correlate. And depending on that they can classify like they will object that which fault is more severe and.

Thank

I can simulate them using the Matlab the Simulink model and they will create some transmission line like.

Sort medium long transmission line and they will observe that how that transmission line fault is happening and what is the amount of fault current.

Depending on the severity they can they can also create some common kind of fault correct limiter and how the superconducting fault current is there or energy storage systems are there. How these things they can understand?

So this fault current.

Understood, Professor. It seems you emphasize practical approaches and simulation tools like MATLAB to bridge theoretical concepts with real-world applications, which is vital for helping students grasp complex topics. Next, let’s discuss your experience with guiding student research and projects. Could you provide an example of a student project or research initiative you supervised and how you contributed to its success?

Senator uh, I have guided the student on superconducting fault currently limited design. So in that case, umm, they have designed like they understood fast. I've given the several papers on that topic from the I AAA transactions as well as the LCBR papers, Science direct papers. And from that paper they have done the literature review first. From the literature review, they found out. One, the literature gap means what is not being done till now.

And from that gap they have studied several papers and after that they found some objective that what they want to do. What is the objective of the war they decided. And after that objective they started studying different papers. They have taken 1 paper as a base paper. From that paper they learned about how to simulate the fault current limiter, how is it working and what is the time requirement of this fault current limiter, how speed it is recovering.

So.

On that basis they started work and uh, they simulated it, they got the result and after that they got and they have plotted in the file and they have done the result discussion and then the conclusion. And they compared the calculation like a cost based analysis with the previous published paper. And after that, uh, referencing style, what are the different referencing style like?

IEEE, APA, MLA. I taught them about the different.

System like word file also I taught them about Latex how easily they can write in the overlap also so and they have submitted the paper and the paper is being also accepted in white. I triple conferences. So I guided them and they are very focused on that and also they able to meet me every week regarding that research and I I was also very happy for that regarding those peoples.

Software is also like Mendeley Endnote how they can easily are those paper in the.

It was a very nice experience. And another thing is that I, I, I have guide guided them also another group of people I'm guiding in energy storage system, battery energy storage system. It is connected in between the rotor side converter and the grid side converter. And uh, I have given several papers on, on that paper, they have done the literature review and by studying those paper, they have written one literature review paper also. And they also focused on the what.

The issue happening with the uh fault right through means any kind of any fault is uh occurring then rotor side converter and reside converter are there in between those rotor side converter and grid side converter. The power imbalances can be very much vulnerable for the power utensils converters, so those imbalances can be easily.

Uh easily can be taken into the battery and and those power again can be thrown to the system whenever the fault is clear. So what happens? There is a one DC DC converter. That DC, DC converter is taking the power whenever there is surplus amount of power between the rotor side converter and the grid side converter. The power coming from the rotor side converter cannot go to the grid side converter because the grid is not connected means the uh starter side.

Of the WP generator is not connected with any kind of load.

So and it is also not connected with the grid. That's the reason the extra power cannot be flown. And that extra power is the caliphate for the enhancement of the voltage across the parallelance converter. So it is the main predominant disadvantages of.

Any kind of burning of power loading converters so that those power can be stored by any kind of energy storage. Since the battery energy storage is easily available, so we have used the battery energy storage and that battery energy storage is able to keep the power at the time of any kind of fault and again that power can be thrown to the system. At the end of the fold and also those people able to publish 11 conference paper.

And I have guided another student of thermoelectric generator nowadays, as you know that whenever any kind of any kind of uh, renewable energy is happening, like we need more amount of power.

Fulfilled by the renewable energy resources. So thermoelectric generator is one kind of renewable energy resources that converts the heat energy into electrical energy. So they have designed one thermoelectric generator and they also publish 1 conference paper. So these are the few example of my research. Those are implemented on the students.

So the power can be.

Thank you for the detailed explanation, Professor. Your commitment to guiding students—from their initial literature reviews to achieving impactful publications—reflects strongly on your mentorship and research-driven teaching style. It’s clear that you provide both academic rigor and tangible guidance for innovation. Next, let us consider your broader teaching philosophy. How do you balance foundational theory and practical learning in your courses, such as the ones involving Power Systems or Renewable Energy, while ensuring students remain engaged and inspired?

Rather, these uh, subjects are more difficult. So I we live on the project based learning.

So whatever the subject is, it need to be related with the practical one because if the student will visualize something then only he can perform well on that subject because we cannot die add anything.

Everything must be there and they should understand and they should realize like in the transmission line, renewable energy sources, if it will be started from saying about the solar photovoltaic, how the irradiance or solar system is working because they nowadays they are thinking under, they're watching it every day. But if we correlate the theory with that system like MPPT, maximum PowerPoint tracking. So what is the need of maximum PowerPoint tracking and what is?

That the modification in the E radiances.

Means the solar insulation is changing throughout the day. But on that changing environment our objective is to acquire the maximum power. So that for acquiring the maximum power we need to modify that voltage and those things should be shown to the student practically. Like if it is possible we are showing through any MATLAB or Python or different languages. So by graphical interfacing they can easily understand as you know that.

The graphical thing is more.

Consumable like they will grasp better compared to the theory kind of thing. So we are performing through different graphs and also like in the power system sort sort transmission line, medium transmission line, long transmission line, what are the different components of the transmission line, the Transformers and what are the need of Transformers that why we need transformer in the transmission line, those things would be understood. Practically like practically means we need to show it and we need to.

So the how much current is flowing and what is the losses? We need to calculate the losses and everything should be there. They should understand it by quantitative as well as they should understand by data visualization. Like they can visualize it and they can after that they will understand it and they will not forget it.

And they can also if they will get a job also there they can perform very well. So I believe on this project best learning like if any subject like one subject is there it it is having five module or six module. So 6 module they can build small small project like either MATLAB basis or Python basis or PS CAD.

So anything they can do it and they can implement it and they will object like I'm. I'm giving a simple example like KCL or KVL.

They know that, uh, the current flowing the current at the junction is.

In an 0 but if we'll do that using any kind of software, OK, so it'll be very much easy like they can understand we'll be putting the voltmeter ammeter and in that ammeter they will compare the current. The current is coming is 0 then they can easily grasp the subject and in case of like.

Transformer also how the transformer ratio is by saying what is the transformer step up?

Transformers step down transformer so that step up transform how the voltage is increasing so by increasing the turn ratio. So on that basis also we can design one small winding we can take, we can construct one transformer under construction also practically they can verify it.

By taking the primary winding, secondary winding, the magnetic core and it can be prepared like each student in the previous. Also in the institute also designed a transformer.

The primary winding, secondary winding, they designed it and they performed and they tested it. So we verified that how the transformer is working. So these are the difficult subject, but if that can be easily.

Understood by the student like we'll put some effort, they can easily understand it. So I think this project based learning will be much helpful for them.

And they'll be and will be also satisfied and will be also happy, and they will also perform better and they can easily understand the subject.

Thank you.

Thank you, Professor, for that comprehensive response. Your focus on project-based learning, hands-on experiments, and tying conceptual theories to practical demonstrations is a commendable approach—it not only enhances student comprehension but also equips them with skills applicable in real-world scenarios. Utilizing tools like MATLAB, Python, and physical models significantly elevates the learning process. Let us now discuss one final area: research publications. Could you briefly share key highlights of your publication record, particularly any impactful journals or innovative contributions beyond those supervised through student projects?

Yes, Sir. Uh, I published several, uh, essay papers like one on wind energy convers, uh, wind energy journal and uh, another International Journal of clean energy and ITE and uh, IET different journal I published. And also recently I, in the last year I published several, uh, three books chapter as well as two, uh.

To patents before that I, I published one patent. So the other publication, it is around uh, umm, so 38 number of publication, international and National Journal as well as conferences, Sir.

Thank you, Professor. A record of 38 publications across reputed international and national journals, alongside conference contributions, book chapters, and patents, reflects an impressive dedication to advancing knowledge in the field. Your efforts in securing patents also demonstrate a focus on innovation and practical application—critical qualities for a faculty role. With your research background, teaching philosophy, and guidance experience covered, we now have a comprehensive view of your qualifications. Is there anything further you’d like to share or ask before we move ahead?

Sir, uh, beyond that I have organized like, uh, I was the session chair of 3/4 conferences.

And uh.

MMM I I was like a reviewer of different journals.

Desert.

No, Sir. That's all, Sir.

Understood, Professor. Serving as a session chair and acting as a reviewer for esteemed journals further emphasizes your active engagement in the academic community and your expertise in the field. Your ability to contribute to both leadership roles and quality assurance in research is commendable. If there's anything further you'd like to share or inquire about, please feel free to do so.

Thank you.

Professor, let’s begin with your teaching environment. Could you share an example of a fundamental concept in your field that you particularly enjoy introducing to students, and how you typically approach making it accessible to them?

Uh, Sir, I want to introduce something like transformer. So what is the need of transformer? Why we need transformer? OK so I want to introduce myself to the student about the transformer. So transformer is the predominant part of the transmission or power system. Like what is the need of transformer As you know that in the power system what is the requirement of the transformer like? Whenever we are transforming the power from one location to another location.

At that, at that we need to have much higher voltage because higher voltage is lossless. So for increasing the voltage we need to have transformer in the. What is the?

One of the transformer it transmit the power from one circuit to another circuit without changing in frequency or without changing in power with only altering the voltage or current. So whenever we need to increase the voltage at that scenario we need to have one transformer step of transformer. Normally it is used at the generation side because the generation side.

When you transmit the power and high voltage power transmission is lossless. So we need the transformer and the transformer need of step up transformer. So what are the different component of a transformer? So transformer is having mainly primary winding and secondary winding and then magnetic core. So what are the types of transformer like step up transformer or step down transformer? What is step up transformer?

Is like whenever we want to increase the voltage in the secondary side, we need to have more number of turns in the secondary side and when we need step down transformer whenever we need less voltage in the secondary side. Normally the step down transformer is used after the.

Translate the line because uh we need to. After generation we are increasing the voltage to a higher level for lossless transmission and again whenever the power is transmitted to the uh.

To that CT or area after that what we're doing, we're decreasing the voltage to our particular level and then that is called step down transform. And then the step down transform. What we're doing we're decreasing the number of turn ratio like if the N1 is the number of ratio in the primary winding and N 2 is the number of ratio in the secondary winding. So in this case what is happening we want decrease the voltage so in the primary winding Sudhub higher number of.

One and secondary winding that is end 2 lower number of turn. So in that case we need step down transformer and on the basis of phases we are having single phase transformer and we are having three phase transformer. So depending on this requirement we are categorize the transformer into several types and another based on the construction also and core type and another is cell type so. These are the different types of transformer.

And again, uh about the transformer, so how it is working. So working culture will be also studying about the working concept, how it is working and what is the different equation of the transformer, transformer equation, What is the primary winding equation? Voltage in in the primary winding, What is the voltage in the secondary winding? What is how the current is uh related with the?

This, uh, turn is.

Thank you, Professor. This explanation provides a clear glimpse into how you might approach introducing the concept of transformers to students. You delved into the necessity, components, types, and functioning of transformers, which are pivotal in their understanding of power systems. Now that you've outlined your approach, here’s a follow-up: When teaching this subject, how do you ensure that foundational theoretical knowledge connects effectively to practical, real-world applications for your students?

Our scheduled time for the interview is now up. Before we conclude, do you have any questions related to the role or the company?

No, Sir.

Professor Sahoo, let’s delve into your academic research and teaching integration. I noticed your Ph.D. research focused on enhancing the fault ride-through capability for doubly fed induction generator-based wind energy conversion systems. Could you briefly summarize the objectives of this research and its broader contributions to the field of renewable energy?

Yes, Sir. Uh, so it is LA nowadays what we are doing like we are implementing the generator.

So in case of W feeding the engine generator it is providing higher amount of power. But the main issue is like any kind of fault happening in the starter circuit will be reflected on the whole circuit like starter rotor and then DC link. So.

It should be like the voltage is and the current. Everything should be under its safety limit.

So it'll be contributed like uh. I have uh implemented several methodology.

And this thing also can be implemented in the power system also like in the day-to-day life in the power system also we can use the different current limiter and, uh, HBDC system nowadays, as you know about the HBDC system, in the HBDC system also we can implement those fault rates or scheme.

Uh, like faulted through schemes. So those faulted through scheme can be implemented in the practical and that will help helpful for the renewable energy system. Like in the nowadays we're using this wind energy conversion system, so it'll be much helpful.

Interesting focus, Professor Sahoo. To clarify, in simpler terms for students or general understanding, how would you explain the importance of fault ride-through schemes in ensuring the reliability of wind energy systems connected to power grids?

Previously, like I will, I want to explain the student in such a way that they can understand it easily.

The main thing is that, uh, what is the need of whole trade through?

What is fault like previously the wind energy conversion system where allowed to disconnected because they were sharing a little amount of energy. But what happened whenever they are sharing the amount of higher amount of energy so there's higher amount of energy should be given in a reliable matter. So on that basis whenever any kind of fault happening so the system are not allowed to disconnect because this is. Being provided by the bleed operator.

Yes,

They have given the rules and restriction for connection and disconnection of the any kind of renewable energy, so it is not allowed. So the student need to be.

Taught in such a way that they can understand how the system was previously disconnected, but nowadays we're not allowing it because these are sharing a significant amount of energy.

Understood. To confirm, you're illustrating for students the historical shift in wind energy systems from being allowed to disconnect during faults to modern regulations where they must remain connected due to their critical energy contribution. How would you guide students to practically model or simulate these fault ride-through schemes in a classroom or lab setting?

Uh, in the MATLAB Simulink, I will model different on W feeding this in generator and I will do like a one fault fault, how the fault is created and for how how much direction it will be done and what is the impact of the system like rotor circuit, starter circuit, DC link and mechanical system, how it is impacted on the WP engine. So I will showcase in the quantitative manner they can understand.

So what is the quantitative way and what is the observation like? If the current will increase more than it's resolved value, then there is a possibility of.

Umm, burning of it. So to aware those thing, we'll simulate the system in the MATLAB Simulink system or PS CAD so that easily they can understand what whenever the fault is there. So there is these, these uncertainty happen. So this uncertainties can be regulated or it can be compensated by any write-through methods. So we'll be using one current limiter and we'll be putting and design on the basis of that.

Like we will uh, we'll take the current and we'll both measure the voltage and depending on that current limiter will provide its amount of extra amount of resistance. And that extra amount of resistance is going to control the uh, over current. So by graphical basis, they can easily understand it and we can, uh, I can simulate in the classroom as well in the, in the lab setup also I can show them.