Yes, of course. Yeah.

Please start by introducing your professional journey in academia

OK, so I am Doctor David Prasad Sahu. I have completed my PhD in physics. From Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai.

OK, so I am Doctor David Prasad Sahu. I have completed my PhD in physics. From Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai. I I have started my PhD journey. From 2019. I started working on. Amorphous salcogenite thin pins.

OK, so I am Doctor David Prasad Sahu. I have completed my PhD in physics. From Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai. I I have started my PhD journey. From 2019.

Alright, so you completed your PhD in physics at ICT Mumbai. Can you share what drew you to pursue academic research after your doctorate, rather than going straight into industry?

So you began your PhD in 2019 at ICT Mumbai. What was the main focus of your doctoral research, and how did that shape your interests going forward?

OK, so I am Doctor David Prasad Sahu. I have completed my PhD in physics. From Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai. I I have started my PhD journey. From 2019. I started working on. Amorphous salcogenite thin pins. And their studies of. Nonlinear optical properties and various energy-dependent. Changes in their structural morphological. And Spectra spectroscopic changes. Due to various energy treatments like. Thermal annealing, Ledger irradiation and ion irradiation. So so based on that. I published several research articles. Almost around. 28 publication I'm having right now. And with a very good number of citations, which is around 800 or something. That then I also have. H-index of something around. 18 so it's quite. But I think it's a. I have achieved it. Through my PhD journey. So while going through my PhD journey, I figured out that yes, there is. So much more to learn. To provide the provide. To this industry. That can I can. And learn it and I can. Like. Implementing. In current. Academia before I'm going to settle down so I. Just wanted some extra exposure to. Different kind of fills so that I can handle. A research group. As the assistant professor by my own. While having. Background to several fields.

You started working on amorphous chalcogenide thin films during your PhD—what was it about those materials that interested you, and did your research focus more on their theoretical aspects or experimental work?

OK, so I am Doctor David Prasad Sahu. I have completed my PhD in physics. From Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai. I I have started my PhD journey. From 2019. I started working on. Amorphous salcogenite thin pins. And their studies of. Nonlinear optical properties and various energy-dependent. Changes in their structural morphological. And Spectra spectroscopic changes. Due to various energy treatments like. Thermal annealing, Ledger irradiation and ion irradiation. So so based on that. I published several research articles. Almost around. 28 publication I'm having right now. And with a very good number of citations, which is around 800 or something. That then I also have. H-index of something around. 18 so it's quite. But I think it's a. I have achieved it. Through my PhD journey. So while going through my PhD journey, I figured out that yes, there is. So much more to learn. To provide the provide. To this industry. That can I can. And learn it and I can. Like. Implementing. In current. Academia before I'm going to settle down so I. Just wanted some extra exposure to. Different kind of fills so that I can handle. A research group. As the assistant professor by my own. While having. Background to several fields. So on that purpose, I started looking out for postdoctoral research jobs. Then I found my first postdoctoral research job at Fakirman University, Balesur. The I. India behind was they were like. The research job was. To work on electrochemistry and energy storage devices which may be fascinated so I. Chose that job and I. I have worked there for around 4 months due to the tenure period. So I learned so much related to this electrochemical workstation and 2D. All so yeah that was after from after completing that tenure I just. Joined in a. Very interesting role as a postdoctoral researcher to work on a very interesting. Project which is. Based on biomedical devices. At SIPET SARP larpam, so which is basically R&D. So they are my. There I have worked for around 2 years. My role was to. Investigate on this.

OK, so I am Doctor David Prasad Sahu. I have completed my PhD in physics. From Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai. I I have started my PhD journey. From 2019. I started working on. Amorphous salcogenite thin pins. And their studies of. Nonlinear optical properties and various energy-dependent. Changes in their structural morphological. And Spectra spectroscopic changes. Due to various energy treatments like. Thermal annealing, Ledger irradiation and ion irradiation. So so based on that. I published several research articles. Almost around. 28 publication I'm having right now. And with a very good number of citations, which is around 800 or something. That then I also have. H-index of something around. 18 so it's quite. But I think it's a. I have achieved it. Through my PhD journey. So while going through my PhD journey, I figured out that yes, there is. So much more to learn. To provide the provide. To this industry. That can I can. And learn it and I can. Like. Implementing. In current. Academia before I'm going to settle down so I. Just wanted some extra exposure to. Different kind of fills so that I can handle. A research group. As the assistant professor by my own. While having. Background to several fields. So on that purpose, I started looking out for postdoctoral research jobs. Then I found my first postdoctoral research job at Fakirman University, Balesur. The I. India behind was they were like. The research job was. To work on electrochemistry and energy storage devices which may be fascinated so I. Chose that job and I. I have worked there for around 4 months due to the tenure period. So I learned so much related to this electrochemical workstation and 2D. All so yeah that was after from after completing that tenure I just. Joined in a. Very interesting role as a postdoctoral researcher to work on a very interesting. Project which is. Based on biomedical devices. At SIPET SARP larpam, so which is basically R&D. So they are my. There I have worked for around 2 years. My role was to. Investigate on this. The biomedical devices. And I was working on this triboelectric nano generator energy harvesting devices by using. 2D maxi. 2D materials like magazine. HBN and. Like that? Uh to make make it a composite of uh. Composite by. Uh, blending it in, uh, PPDF. PDMS and all those stocks so. I I successfully. Like developed energy harvesting device. And then? I carried out, carried out, carried out it's device. Properties and applications in the real world. So I just utilized. It has a pulse sensor device so I just put it. On my pulse and I recorded the. Like observe parameters in terms of open circuit voltage, sub circuit current and. Short Circuit Charge trans. And all and all those divides efficiency properties. So I just. Summarize this result into one.

Alright, Dr. Sahu, working on nonlinear optical properties and achieving 28 publications with an h-index of 18 during your PhD is impressive. You mentioned wanting broader exposure before leading your own research group—was there a particular field or technique you felt you needed to strengthen to be fully prepared for an assistant professor role, or something you deliberately sought out in your post-PhD experience?

Dr. Sahu, shifting to your teaching perspective—what's one foundational concept in physics you especially enjoy teaching to undergraduates, and why does it resonate with you?

Dr. Sahu, I noticed your recent publication in Advanced Materials Technology—“Enhancing Triboelectric Performance Through 2D Nanofillers in PVDF Nanofiber for Self-Powered Sensing.” How did the findings from that research influence the way you’d teach a core topic like device physics or materials science to undergraduate students?

OK, so I am Doctor David Prasad Sahu. I have completed my PhD in physics. From Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai. I I have started my PhD journey. From 2019. I started working on. Amorphous salcogenite thin pins. And their studies of. Nonlinear optical properties and various energy-dependent. Changes in their structural morphological. And Spectra spectroscopic changes. Due to various energy treatments like. Thermal annealing, Ledger irradiation and ion irradiation. So so based on that. I published several research articles. Almost around. 28 publication I'm having right now. And with a very good number of citations, which is around 800 or something. That then I also have. H-index of something around. 18 so it's quite. But I think it's a. I have achieved it. Through my PhD journey. So while going through my PhD journey, I figured out that yes, there is. So much more to learn. To provide the provide. To this industry. That can I can. And learn it and I can. Like. Implementing. In current. Academia before I'm going to settle down so I. Just wanted some extra exposure to. Different kind of fills so that I can handle. A research group. As the assistant professor by my own. While having. Background to several fields. So on that purpose, I started looking out for postdoctoral research jobs. Then I found my first postdoctoral research job at Fakirman University, Balesur. The I. India behind was they were like. The research job was. To work on electrochemistry and energy storage devices which may be fascinated so I. Chose that job and I. I have worked there for around 4 months due to the tenure period. So I learned so much related to this electrochemical workstation and 2D. All so yeah that was after from after completing that tenure I just. Joined in a. Very interesting role as a postdoctoral researcher to work on a very interesting. Project which is. Based on biomedical devices. At SIPET SARP larpam, so which is basically R&D. So they are my. There I have worked for around 2 years. My role was to. Investigate on this. The biomedical devices. And I was working on this triboelectric nano generator energy harvesting devices by using. 2D maxi. 2D materials like magazine. HBN and. Like that? Uh to make make it a composite of uh. Composite by. Uh, blending it in, uh, PPDF. PDMS and all those stocks so. I I successfully. Like developed energy harvesting device. And then? I carried out, carried out, carried out it's device. Properties and applications in the real world. So I just utilized. It has a pulse sensor device so I just put it. On my pulse and I recorded the. Like observe parameters in terms of open circuit voltage, sub circuit current and. Short Circuit Charge trans. And all and all those divides efficiency properties. So I just. Summarize this result into one. Research article and other one. Is also pending which is getting communicated. So yeah I. Like I there I was working with PhD researcher, I was supervising her and she was like assisting me in in our work so. Yeah, after completing that tenure. After two years I got. Another interesting opportunity. Which was completely based on. Some cutting edge applications. And very. Highly technical thing related to photonics as my. PSD was based on nonlinear optics. I wanted to expose this like explore this. Next field so till now. Till after after my cipher journey. Up to that period, I had a significant background in material science, so through which I have explored so many materials like thin pins. Uh, umm, nanomaterials. Polymer composites, 2D materials and all. So now I've heard that I have the time to explore this potonic applications and. Advanced Photon. Devices and also for that purpose I joined as a post structural researcher at IIT Madras. There I started working on. Transient absorption spectroscopy. By using. Hemosecond lasers. And also I I I was working on. High-harmonic generations. To develop. Uh, like in high vacuum systems so that it can be utilized for? Cutting edge applications like. Curve 2D material in. Investigations like plasmonic dynamics and all all those things. So my specific role was to handle the femtosecond laser and like build. Some optical setups from the scratch, so I got a very good hands-on expert. Exposure to these laser field and photonics and all. So due to that experience I got. A further opportunity in abroad. Which is at Hunren Wigner Research Center for Physics. So they are. I got the opportunity to. Work on this auto second. And high harmonic generations so which was possible due to my previous experience at IIT Madras because. There I was already working on femtosecond Ledger and I had this hands on experience in. Various building of this custom optical setups. So along with that, I was also working on high harmonic generation, but with gas, gas, gas phases. So this current postdoctoral opportunity is based on. High harmonic generation with solid-state materials like. Thin pins and all so. With all my background expertise which summarized. That criteria of that. Requirement. For this uh. Postdoctoral opportunity where I'm currently working now. At Wigner Research Center Budapest. So I started, I just recently started here. And my as I already mentioned mentioned, my research work is based on high harmonic generation on solid-state materials and. Per second laser devices.

OK, so I am Doctor David Prasad Sahu. I have completed my PhD in physics. From Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai. I I have started my PhD journey. From 2019. I started working on. Amorphous salcogenite thin pins. And their studies of. Nonlinear optical properties and various energy-dependent. Changes in their structural morphological. And Spectra spectroscopic changes. Due to various energy treatments like. Thermal annealing, Ledger irradiation and ion irradiation. So so based on that. I published several research articles. Almost around. 28 publication I'm having right now. And with a very good number of citations, which is around 800 or something. That then I also have. H-index of something around. 18 so it's quite. But I think it's a. I have achieved it. Through my PhD journey. So while going through my PhD journey, I figured out that yes, there is. So much more to learn. To provide the provide. To this industry. That can I can. And learn it and I can. Like. Implementing. In current. Academia before I'm going to settle down so I. Just wanted some extra exposure to. Different kind of fills so that I can handle. A research group. As the assistant professor by my own. While having. Background to several fields. So on that purpose, I started looking out for postdoctoral research jobs. Then I found my first postdoctoral research job at Fakirman University, Balesur. The I. India behind was they were like. The research job was. To work on electrochemistry and energy storage devices which may be fascinated so I. Chose that job and I. I have worked there for around 4 months due to the tenure period. So I learned so much related to this electrochemical workstation and 2D. All so yeah that was after from after completing that tenure I just. Joined in a. Very interesting role as a postdoctoral researcher to work on a very interesting. Project which is. Based on biomedical devices. At SIPET SARP larpam, so which is basically R&D. So they are my. There I have worked for around 2 years. My role was to. Investigate on this. The biomedical devices. And I was working on this triboelectric nano generator energy harvesting devices by using. 2D maxi. 2D materials like magazine. HBN and. Like that? Uh to make make it a composite of uh. Composite by. Uh, blending it in, uh, PPDF. PDMS and all those stocks so. I I successfully. Like developed energy harvesting device. And then? I carried out, carried out, carried out it's device. Properties and applications in the real world. So I just utilized. It has a pulse sensor device so I just put it. On my pulse and I recorded the. Like observe parameters in terms of open circuit voltage, sub circuit current and. Short Circuit Charge trans. And all and all those divides efficiency properties. So I just. Summarize this result into one. Research article and other one. Is also pending which is getting communicated. So yeah I. Like I there I was working with PhD researcher, I was supervising her and she was like assisting me in in our work so. Yeah, after completing that tenure. After two years I got. Another interesting opportunity. Which was completely based on. Some cutting edge applications. And very. Highly technical thing related to photonics as my. PSD was based on nonlinear optics. I wanted to expose this like explore this. Next field so till now. Till after after my cipher journey. Up to that period, I had a significant background in material science, so through which I have explored so many materials like thin pins. Uh, umm, nanomaterials. Polymer composites, 2D materials and all. So now I've heard that I have the time to explore this potonic applications and. Advanced Photon. Devices and also for that purpose I joined as a post structural researcher at IIT Madras. There I started working on. Transient absorption spectroscopy. By using. Hemosecond lasers. And also I I I was working on. High-harmonic generations. To develop. Uh, like in high vacuum systems so that it can be utilized for? Cutting edge applications like. Curve 2D material in. Investigations like plasmonic dynamics and all all those things. So my specific role was to handle the femtosecond laser and like build. Some optical setups from the scratch, so I got a very good hands-on expert. Exposure to these laser field and photonics and all. So due to that experience I got. A further opportunity in abroad. Which is at Hunren Wigner Research Center for Physics. So they are. I got the opportunity to. Work on this auto second. And high harmonic generations so which was possible due to my previous experience at IIT Madras because. There I was already working on femtosecond Ledger and I had this hands on experience in. Various building of this custom optical setups. So along with that, I was also working on high harmonic generation, but with gas, gas, gas phases. So this current postdoctoral opportunity is based on. High harmonic generation with solid-state materials like. Thin pins and all so. With all my background expertise which summarized. That criteria of that. Requirement. For this uh. Postdoctoral opportunity where I'm currently working now. At Wigner Research Center Budapest. So I started, I just recently started here. And my as I already mentioned mentioned, my research work is based on high harmonic generation on solid-state materials and. Per second laser devices. So here I am working on this auto second. Pump rope spectroscopy and the objective is to. Uh, like, uh, fabricated device? Which has the. Capability to generate PETA huts. Signals. So it's like current limitations of semiconductor industry is like. Around signal processing for around. Gigahertz so. And the idea is to. Like break this boundary and move forward. To this from terahertz to PETA has device and this would be. Possible through the application of. Ledger laser field. Onto a. Semiconductor device or any kind of material which is connected to a PCB or something like that. So based on that. Yeah, my current. Work is based on a current controlled. Current controlled. Uh, Ledger, which is. When it is exposed to this. With semiconductor materials. We are trying to collect the petaha. Null so due to which. Which is going to be a very significant. Research incoming. Future and this. Obviously going to challenge the current industrial limits and which will be. Beneficial for that? And along with that I have just recently started working with this. High harmonic generation with solid-state materials and. I'm slowly, like gradually progressing over that. So till now. I have like. Around almost 33 publications. And with very significant citations around. 850. And having an edge index of around. 18 So this was a. The complete. Details about my academic journey. Yeah. Please go. Proceed forward.

Right, so you developed energy harvesting devices using triboelectric nanogenerators and 2D materials, then moved into advanced photonics and high harmonic generation at IIT Madras and now in Budapest. Given all that, when you introduce complex topics—like nonlinear optics or transient absorption spectroscopy—to undergraduates, how do you break down those advanced ideas into something accessible for students just starting out?

You’ve built a pretty distinctive journey, Dr. Sahu—starting with nonlinear optics and amorphous chalcogenide thin films, supervising others, and now hands-on work with attosecond lasers and high-harmonic generation in solid-state materials. When you’re explaining cutting-edge research like this to undergraduate students, how do you help them connect abstract quantum or optical phenomena to real-world applications, so the material feels relevant and not just theoretical?

OK. In terms of that, I would just, uh. Align to. Like very simple and under. Quite effective explanations for that. So in terms of. Real life examples. Also. Means, uh, to like. Propagate this idea of nonlinear optics. I would let them know that nonlinear optics is kind of a phenomenon where the. When a material exposed to a high. Intensity electric field. Then uh. It would the polarization that is going to like react according to the exposure of this laser or electric field. High intensity electric fields it would like. Uh, behave in a nonlinear manner. Not like a linear manner. Linear means. A, a, a is equal to. BX. OK, where X is the variable. So in the that is the. A linear equation and in terms of nonlinear equation it would be like a is equal to. BX Square. So. It means if you are giving a certain amount, let's say X is our electric field over here, some parameter just then if you are giving some. Let's say X amount of. Intensity, uh. Of electric field so it in the long term the polarization components or the material that the way it is going to behave is like. A linear manner. The as we are going to increase the electric field. The material is going to behave in such a manner that. If we double the electric pill. It will just double the polarization. Cooperation polarization parameters or it would just. Get Mada. Properties would go get multiplied. According to this linear terms. So. If we double it, it would also double it the material properties. If we triple it, it would triple it so. It's like a linear composite. Linear. Behavior in terms of nonlinear properties. If we are going to double the material it is going to get. It's like, uh. It would uh, the material properties you would uh, multiplied by four times.

OK. In terms of that, I would just, uh. Align to. Like very simple and under. Quite effective explanations for that. So in terms of. Real life examples. Also. Means, uh, to like. Propagate this idea of nonlinear optics. I would let them know that nonlinear optics is kind of a phenomenon where the. When a material exposed to a high. Intensity electric field. Then uh. It would the polarization that is going to like react according to the exposure of this laser or electric field. High intensity electric fields it would like. Uh, behave in a nonlinear manner. Not like a linear manner. Linear means. A, a, a is equal to. BX. OK, where X is the variable. So in the that is the. A linear equation and in terms of nonlinear equation it would be like a is equal to. BX Square. So. It means if you are giving a certain amount, let's say X is our electric field over here, some parameter just then if you are giving some. Let's say X amount of. Intensity, uh. Of electric field so it in the long term the polarization components or the material that the way it is going to behave is like. A linear manner. The as we are going to increase the electric field. The material is going to behave in such a manner that. If we double the electric pill. It will just double the polarization.

OK. In terms of that, I would just, uh. Align to. Like very simple and under. Quite effective explanations for that. So in terms of. Real life examples. Also. Means, uh, to like. Propagate this idea of nonlinear optics. I would let them know that nonlinear optics is kind of a phenomenon where the. When a material exposed to a high. Intensity electric field. Then uh. It would the polarization that is going to like react according to the exposure of this laser or electric field. High intensity electric fields it would like. Uh, behave in a nonlinear manner. Not like a linear manner. Linear means. A, a, a is equal to. BX. OK, where X is the variable. So in the that is the. A linear equation and in terms of nonlinear equation it would be like a is equal to. BX Square. So. It means if you are giving a certain amount, let's say X is our electric field over here, some parameter just then if you are giving some. Let's say X amount of. Intensity, uh. Of electric field so it in the long term the polarization components or the material that the way it is going to behave is like. A linear manner. The as we are going to increase the electric field.

OK. In terms of that, I would just, uh. Align to. Like very simple and under. Quite effective explanations for that. So in terms of. Real life examples. Also. Means, uh, to like. Propagate this idea of nonlinear optics. I would let them know that nonlinear optics is kind of a phenomenon where the. When a material exposed to a high. Intensity electric field. Then uh. It would the polarization that is going to like react according to the exposure of this laser or electric field. High intensity electric fields it would like. Uh, behave in a nonlinear manner. Not like a linear manner. Linear means. A, a, a is equal to. BX. OK, where X is the variable. So in the that is the. A linear equation and in terms of nonlinear equation it would be like a is equal to. BX Square. So. It means if you are giving a certain amount, let's say X is our electric field over here, some parameter just then if you are giving some. Let's say X amount of. Intensity, uh. Of electric field so it in the long term the polarization components or the material that the way it is going to behave is like. A linear manner. The as we are going to increase the electric field. The material is going to behave in such a manner that. If we double the electric pill. It will just double the polarization. Cooperation polarization parameters or it would just. Get Mada. Properties would go get multiplied. According to this linear terms. So. If we double it, it would also double it the material properties. If we triple it, it would triple it so. It's like a linear composite. Linear. Behavior in terms of nonlinear properties. If we are going to double the material it is going to get. It's like, uh. It would uh, the material properties you would uh, multiplied by four times. And and if you are going to triple the intensity of electric field, it is going to. Get multiplied by. Uh, eight times. So like that, this is the nonlinear effects. And this nonlinear effect has very significant role in this current. Quantum mechanics and quantum communication. Biomedical imaging. And all these things. So it is quite a very basic phenomenon. Which is already. We are researchers are already. It and based on this principle, this femtosecond laser. As the ultimate, you can say. It has the ultimate. The utilization potential to. Enhance any kind of material properties. And which we? We can make it applicable in various cutting as applicants like. Beta husband says. Terahertz for techniques and signal processing, nonlinear updates, whatever, whatever you say. So coming to this femtosecond Ledger, it's like a. It seems like a very complicated terms but. I would just simplify it in manners of a practical example. It's like the journey started from continuous Ledger. So when we are like. When the research on laser field lights started. The journey started from continuous laser and all. So when we are like researchers.

Okay, so you’d anchor nonlinear optics with simple analogies and connect it to the underlying math, like showing how polarization responds nonlinearly to strong electric fields—moving from linear to quadratic dependence. When you see a student struggling to connect the math to the physical intuition, what’s one hands-on activity or demonstration you’d use to help bridge that gap?

Right, so you'd use a simple math analogy with polarization and electric field, and show how the response changes from linear to nonlinear as intensity increases. If a student is still struggling after your explanation—maybe the math isn't clicking or the physical meaning feels abstract—how do you adapt your approach in the moment to help them grasp the concept?

Okay, so you’d use the math analogy and talk through how doubling the electric field leads to a fourfold response in the nonlinear regime. Let’s shift focus a bit—given your research on semiconductor thin films and energy harvesting devices, where do you see the most fundable research directions over the next three years, and which specific grants or funding agencies would you target first?

Okay, so you’d use real-world analogies and foundation-level math to get students comfortable with nonlinear optics. Let’s pivot to your research productivity—given your expertise with chalcogenide thin films, energy harvesting devices, and now high harmonic generation, where do you see the most fundable research directions over the next three years? Which grants or funding sources would you target, and why?

OK. In terms of that, I would just, uh. Align to. Like very simple and under. Quite effective explanations for that. So in terms of. Real life examples. Also. Means, uh, to like. Propagate this idea of nonlinear optics. I would let them know that nonlinear optics is kind of a phenomenon where the. When a material exposed to a high. Intensity electric field. Then uh. It would the polarization that is going to like react according to the exposure of this laser or electric field. High intensity electric fields it would like. Uh, behave in a nonlinear manner. Not like a linear manner. Linear means. A, a, a is equal to. BX. OK, where X is the variable. So in the that is the. A linear equation and in terms of nonlinear equation it would be like a is equal to. BX Square. So. It means if you are giving a certain amount, let's say X is our electric field over here, some parameter just then if you are giving some. Let's say X amount of. Intensity, uh. Of electric field so it in the long term the polarization components or the material that the way it is going to behave is like. A linear manner. The as we are going to increase the electric field. The material is going to behave in such a manner that. If we double the electric pill. It will just double the polarization. Cooperation polarization parameters or it would just. Get Mada. Properties would go get multiplied. According to this linear terms. So. If we double it, it would also double it the material properties. If we triple it, it would triple it so. It's like a linear composite. Linear. Behavior in terms of nonlinear properties. If we are going to double the material it is going to get. It's like, uh. It would uh, the material properties you would uh, multiplied by four times. And and if you are going to triple the intensity of electric field, it is going to. Get multiplied by. Uh, eight times. So like that, this is the nonlinear effects. And this nonlinear effect has very significant role in this current. Quantum mechanics and quantum communication. Biomedical imaging. And all these things. So it is quite a very basic phenomenon. Which is already. We are researchers are already. It and based on this principle, this femtosecond laser. As the ultimate, you can say. It has the ultimate. The utilization potential to. Enhance any kind of material properties. And which we? We can make it applicable in various cutting as applicants like. Beta husband says. Terahertz for techniques and signal processing, nonlinear updates, whatever, whatever you say. So coming to this femtosecond Ledger, it's like a. It seems like a very complicated terms but. I would just simplify it in manners of a practical example. It's like the journey started from continuous Ledger. So when we are like. When the research on laser field lights started. The journey started from continuous laser and all. So when we are like researchers. Utilize this field and expose it to various material surfaces and all to. For example, let's say to carve out some portion or to just write a name on a semiconductor material like that. So they just face that. We need. Much more amount of power in terms of this continuous laser. What if we could use an? Alternative methods for that. Our power would be. We can with less amount of power we can do the similar kind of. Task so they are the idea of femtosecond laser came up. Hemosecond laser means it's the pulse. Instead of this continuous wave. It is like a. Pulse to laser. Where it's poised. With pulse with. Is around in the femtosecond regime. So. What? What? It's like it proposed one idea to. Uh, like. Act effectively with this kind of application, so that in terms of a practical example, I would just explain that. It's like a. Water coming out of a pipe in a garden. You are using it if you. Face it, to a garden or a soft. Pile surface. What it will do, it will just. Like disturb the soil surface in grid. Amount, but you just wanted. Put some water to the plant you are like you want. Like expose the. Expose the water. So as the intensity of this flow is. Much more high your plant got destroyed. But. It's just an idea, just an example. It's not. And I could have been, but if you just. Instead of pip. Yeah, like exposing A continuous, uh. Like flow, you just have to. Put one. You just have to put this. Break it into Sibila instead of continuous form user. Place your hand continuously so that the pulse. You can say, you can assume it. In that manner so that. The power would get. Reduced. But it will. Just follow the exact. Place and it you could also effectively. Water that plant. So I'm just saying that in very practical manner, but. Very significant difference between them, but. This is the idea behind the behind this femtosecond lasers and it has enough potential to. Like utilize it in various. Cutting edge applications with. The lesser amount. Power, that was. Previously needed. For this continuous Ledger. And we have the potential. Tune it also in terms of wavelength, frequency pulsed. Wheat means. This if we can tune the pulse width of this material like from picosecond to femtosecond to. First, second, we can literally go into the regime of electrons, electron transition that. That are happening so if if we expose the femtosecond or autosecond laser to the material surface.

OK. In terms of that, I would just, uh. Align to. Like very simple and under. Quite effective explanations for that. So in terms of. Real life examples. Also. Means, uh, to like. Propagate this idea of nonlinear optics. I would let them know that nonlinear optics is kind of a phenomenon where the. When a material exposed to a high. Intensity electric field. Then uh. It would the polarization that is going to like react according to the exposure of this laser or electric field. High intensity electric fields it would like. Uh, behave in a nonlinear manner. Not like a linear manner. Linear means. A, a, a is equal to. BX. OK, where X is the variable. So in the that is the. A linear equation and in terms of nonlinear equation it would be like a is equal to. BX Square. So. It means if you are giving a certain amount, let's say X is our electric field over here, some parameter just then if you are giving some. Let's say X amount of. Intensity, uh. Of electric field so it in the long term the polarization components or the material that the way it is going to behave is like. A linear manner. The as we are going to increase the electric field. The material is going to behave in such a manner that. If we double the electric pill. It will just double the polarization. Cooperation polarization parameters or it would just. Get Mada. Properties would go get multiplied. According to this linear terms. So. If we double it, it would also double it the material properties. If we triple it, it would triple it so. It's like a linear composite. Linear. Behavior in terms of nonlinear properties. If we are going to double the material it is going to get. It's like, uh. It would uh, the material properties you would uh, multiplied by four times. And and if you are going to triple the intensity of electric field, it is going to. Get multiplied by. Uh, eight times. So like that, this is the nonlinear effects. And this nonlinear effect has very significant role in this current. Quantum mechanics and quantum communication. Biomedical imaging. And all these things. So it is quite a very basic phenomenon. Which is already. We are researchers are already. It and based on this principle, this femtosecond laser. As the ultimate, you can say. It has the ultimate. The utilization potential to. Enhance any kind of material properties. And which we? We can make it applicable in various cutting as applicants like. Beta husband says. Terahertz for techniques and signal processing, nonlinear updates, whatever, whatever you say. So coming to this femtosecond Ledger, it's like a. It seems like a very complicated terms but. I would just simplify it in manners of a practical example. It's like the journey started from continuous Ledger. So when we are like. When the research on laser field lights started. The journey started from continuous laser and all. So when we are like researchers. Utilize this field and expose it to various material surfaces and all to. For example, let's say to carve out some portion or to just write a name on a semiconductor material like that. So they just face that. We need. Much more amount of power in terms of this continuous laser. What if we could use an? Alternative methods for that. Our power would be. We can with less amount of power we can do the similar kind of. Task so they are the idea of femtosecond laser came up. Hemosecond laser means it's the pulse. Instead of this continuous wave. It is like a. Pulse to laser. Where it's poised. With pulse with. Is around in the femtosecond regime. So. What? What? It's like it proposed one idea to. Uh, like. Act effectively with this kind of application, so that in terms of a practical example, I would just explain that. It's like a. Water coming out of a pipe in a garden. You are using it if you. Face it, to a garden or a soft. Pile surface. What it will do, it will just. Like disturb the soil surface in grid. Amount, but you just wanted. Put some water to the plant you are like you want. Like expose the. Expose the water. So as the intensity of this flow is. Much more high your plant got destroyed. But. It's just an idea, just an example. It's not. And I could have been, but if you just. Instead of pip. Yeah, like exposing A continuous, uh. Like flow, you just have to. Put one. You just have to put this. Break it into Sibila instead of continuous form user. Place your hand continuously so that the pulse. You can say, you can assume it. In that manner so that. The power would get. Reduced. But it will. Just follow the exact. Place and it you could also effectively. Water that plant. So I'm just saying that in very practical manner, but. Very significant difference between them, but. This is the idea behind the behind this femtosecond lasers and it has enough potential to. Like utilize it in various. Cutting edge applications with. The lesser amount. Power, that was. Previously needed. For this continuous Ledger. And we have the potential. Tune it also in terms of wavelength, frequency pulsed. Wheat means. This if we can tune the pulse width of this material like from picosecond to femtosecond to. First, second, we can literally go into the regime of electrons, electron transition that. That are happening so if if we expose the femtosecond or autosecond laser to the material surface. As the material gets. Injected with this much of power, it is going to. Like so some behaviour so it is going to gain some energy so that. Electron would go to the next higher level. So after going staying there for a few. For almost a transient period of time, it would just come up. So if. We have the capability to to. If we have the that kind of pleasure that has a pulse width. In that. Time period resigning you can say the transition of pilot. Tone A is like. It is happening in somewhat of femtosecond or autosecond regime. If we have a powerful. Powerful means if you have a. Like. Once, then we can determine what the principles, what are the mechanism that is going on with the material. That has never been studied a completely new material and. You have idea what kind? Kind of carrier dynamics it is showing what kind of phenomenons it's showing. So this is the one of the. Ideal approach to study these kind of materials? So I would explain it. In this way. By giving. Practical examples, some core knowledges and all these things. Yeah. I'm done.

OK. In terms of that, I would just, uh. Align to. Like very simple and under. Quite effective explanations for that. So in terms of. Real life examples. Also. Means, uh, to like. Propagate this idea of nonlinear optics. I would let them know that nonlinear optics is kind of a phenomenon where the. When a material exposed to a high. Intensity electric field. Then uh. It would the polarization that is going to like react according to the exposure of this laser or electric field. High intensity electric fields it would like. Uh, behave in a nonlinear manner. Not like a linear manner. Linear means. A, a, a is equal to. BX. OK, where X is the variable. So in the that is the. A linear equation and in terms of nonlinear equation it would be like a is equal to. BX Square. So. It means if you are giving a certain amount, let's say X is our electric field over here, some parameter just then if you are giving some. Let's say X amount of. Intensity, uh. Of electric field so it in the long term the polarization components or the material that the way it is going to behave is like. A linear manner. The as we are going to increase the electric field. The material is going to behave in such a manner that. If we double the electric pill. It will just double the polarization. Cooperation polarization parameters or it would just. Get Mada. Properties would go get multiplied. According to this linear terms. So. If we double it, it would also double it the material properties. If we triple it, it would triple it so. It's like a linear composite. Linear. Behavior in terms of nonlinear properties. If we are going to double the material it is going to get. It's like, uh. It would uh, the material properties you would uh, multiplied by four times. And and if you are going to triple the intensity of electric field, it is going to. Get multiplied by. Uh, eight times. So like that, this is the nonlinear effects. And this nonlinear effect has very significant role in this current. Quantum mechanics and quantum communication. Biomedical imaging. And all these things. So it is quite a very basic phenomenon. Which is already. We are researchers are already. It and based on this principle, this femtosecond laser. As the ultimate, you can say. It has the ultimate. The utilization potential to. Enhance any kind of material properties. And which we? We can make it applicable in various cutting as applicants like. Beta husband says. Terahertz for techniques and signal processing, nonlinear updates, whatever, whatever you say. So coming to this femtosecond Ledger, it's like a. It seems like a very complicated terms but. I would just simplify it in manners of a practical example. It's like the journey started from continuous Ledger. So when we are like. When the research on laser field lights started. The journey started from continuous laser and all. So when we are like researchers. Utilize this field and expose it to various material surfaces and all to. For example, let's say to carve out some portion or to just write a name on a semiconductor material like that. So they just face that. We need. Much more amount of power in terms of this continuous laser. What if we could use an? Alternative methods for that. Our power would be. We can with less amount of power we can do the similar kind of. Task so they are the idea of femtosecond laser came up. Hemosecond laser means it's the pulse. Instead of this continuous wave. It is like a. Pulse to laser. Where it's poised. With pulse with. Is around in the femtosecond regime. So. What? What? It's like it proposed one idea to. Uh, like. Act effectively with this kind of application, so that in terms of a practical example, I would just explain that. It's like a. Water coming out of a pipe in a garden. You are using it if you. Face it, to a garden or a soft. Pile surface. What it will do, it will just. Like disturb the soil surface in grid. Amount, but you just wanted. Put some water to the plant you are like you want. Like expose the. Expose the water. So as the intensity of this flow is. Much more high your plant got destroyed. But. It's just an idea, just an example. It's not. And I could have been, but if you just. Instead of pip. Yeah, like exposing A continuous, uh. Like flow, you just have to. Put one. You just have to put this. Break it into Sibila instead of continuous form user. Place your hand continuously so that the pulse. You can say, you can assume it. In that manner so that. The power would get. Reduced. But it will. Just follow the exact. Place and it you could also effectively. Water that plant. So I'm just saying that in very practical manner, but. Very significant difference between them, but. This is the idea behind the behind this femtosecond lasers and it has enough potential to. Like utilize it in various. Cutting edge applications with. The lesser amount. Power, that was. Previously needed. For this continuous Ledger. And we have the potential. Tune it also in terms of wavelength, frequency pulsed. Wheat means. This if we can tune the pulse width of this material like from picosecond to femtosecond to. First, second, we can literally go into the regime of electrons, electron transition that. That are happening so if if we expose the femtosecond or autosecond laser to the material surface. As the material gets. Injected with this much of power, it is going to. Like so some behaviour so it is going to gain some energy so that. Electron would go to the next higher level. So after going staying there for a few. For almost a transient period of time, it would just come up. So if. We have the capability to to. If we have the that kind of pleasure that has a pulse width. In that. Time period resigning you can say the transition of pilot. Tone A is like. It is happening in somewhat of femtosecond or autosecond regime. If we have a powerful. Powerful means if you have a. Like. Once, then we can determine what the principles, what are the mechanism that is going on with the material. That has never been studied a completely new material and. You have idea what kind? Kind of carrier dynamics it is showing what kind of phenomenons it's showing. So this is the one of the. Ideal approach to study these kind of materials? So I would explain it. In this way. By giving. Practical examples, some core knowledges and all these things. Yeah. I'm done. Now you can ask me next question.

Okay, so you’d break down nonlinear optics using relatable analogies and simple math, like comparing linear and nonlinear responses and then connecting to real-world applications in quantum science and imaging. Now, you mentioned significant publication output and work spanning multiple international labs—how do you approach the publishing process for your research, and what’s your strategy for ensuring your work lands in high-impact journals that bolster both your own reputation and the university’s standing globally?

Alright, so you use hands-on analogies and connect them to applications in quantum communication and biomedical imaging, which helps demystify nonlinear optics for students. Now, looking at your research on chalcogenide thin films and high harmonic generation—where do you see the most viable, fundable research directions over the next three years, and what specific grants or funding sources would you target to support this work?

Alright, Dr. Sahu, you’ve highlighted a strong record of publications and hands-on device work, especially in high harmonic generation. Given your expertise with chalcogenide thin films and advanced photonics, where do you see the most fundable research directions over the next three years? Are there specific grants, either in India or internationally, that you’d target to support this vision?

Actually I find this beta has photonics. Has the has a very significant properties because. A very few number of people are currently working on this all over the world and then in India also.

Actually I find this beta has photonics. Has the has a very significant properties because. A very few number of people are currently working on this all over the world and then in India also. Like very few number of labs only working on this high. Generation so. As you know, it is a very. The requirements for this. Research is. It's like a very cutting edge and have very cost related reasons also. So that's why nobody. Very few number of peoples. Are just exploring it and. As the current research is growing in an exponential manner, I feel that. This high harmonic generation. With Arosecond pulse. Auto second laser spectroscopy and PITA. Phoenix has the enough potential to. To have the grant. To get qualified. By by getting some grand. And I have few grants in my mind. I'm just looking for this. An RF grant. Which could be. Highly potential. Grant application for me. It means if I would be able to write a research proposal based on this PETA. Photonic devices by using this. Current controlled laser. By using auto second laser. And that attosecond Ledger would be generated from this high. Generation and. To effectively collaborate with my previous supervisor Professor Sivaramakrishnan because he is already working on this high. Generation.

Actually I find this beta has photonics. Has the has a very significant properties because. A very few number of people are currently working on this all over the world and then in India also. Like very few number of labs only working on this high. Generation so. As you know, it is a very. The requirements for this. Research is. It's like a very cutting edge and have very cost related reasons also. So that's why nobody. Very few number of peoples. Are just exploring it and. As the current research is growing in an exponential manner, I feel that. This high harmonic generation. With Arosecond pulse. Auto second laser spectroscopy and PITA. Phoenix has the enough potential to. To have the grant. To get qualified. By by getting some grand. And I have few grants in my mind. I'm just looking for this. An RF grant. Which could be. Highly potential. Grant application for me. It means if I would be able to write a research proposal based on this PETA. Photonic devices by using this. Current controlled laser. By using auto second laser. And that attosecond Ledger would be generated from this high. Generation and. To effectively collaborate with my previous supervisor Professor Sivaramakrishnan because he is already working on this high. Generation. In IIT Madras, so I would. Collaborate with him. To to write a research.

Actually I find this beta has photonics. Has the has a very significant properties because. A very few number of people are currently working on this all over the world and then in India also. Like very few number of labs only working on this high. Generation so. As you know, it is a very. The requirements for this. Research is. It's like a very cutting edge and have very cost related reasons also. So that's why nobody. Very few number of peoples. Are just exploring it and. As the current research is growing in an exponential manner, I feel that. This high harmonic generation. With Arosecond pulse. Auto second laser spectroscopy and PITA. Phoenix has the enough potential to. To have the grant. To get qualified. By by getting some grand. And I have few grants in my mind. I'm just looking for this. An RF grant. Which could be. Highly potential. Grant application for me. It means if I would be able to write a research proposal based on this PETA. Photonic devices by using this. Current controlled laser. By using auto second laser. And that attosecond Ledger would be generated from this high. Generation and. To effectively collaborate with my previous supervisor Professor Sivaramakrishnan because he is already working on this high. Generation. In IIT Madras, so I would. Collaborate with him. To to write a research. The digital and the idea would be to like to focus on this beta's photonics so. In one flow it would. Like we have to generate the. Uh, active second, uh, Ledger. From the high. Chronic generation.

Okay, so you see petahertz photonics as a frontier with few researchers—especially in India. For a project like this, which specific agencies or funding bodies would you approach, and how would you frame the proposal to highlight both innovation and feasibility?

So you’re thinking of targeting major grants like the NRF for your petahertz photonics work, and possibly collaborating with your previous supervisor on high harmonic generation. If you were pitching this to a review panel, how would you frame the broader institutional benefit for VIT University—what’s the value-add for the university if this project is funded and successful?

Okay, so you’re considering applying for NRF funding and collaborating with your IIT Madras network for this petahertz photonics direction. To make the case for VIT University, what’s your strategy for ensuring these high-risk, high-reward projects actually yield high-impact publications and contribute to VIT’s global academic reputation in physics and engineering?

Actually I find this beta has photonics. Has the has a very significant properties because. A very few number of people are currently working on this all over the world and then in India also. Like very few number of labs only working on this high. Generation so. As you know, it is a very. The requirements for this. Research is. It's like a very cutting edge and have very cost related reasons also. So that's why nobody. Very few number of peoples. Are just exploring it and. As the current research is growing in an exponential manner, I feel that. This high harmonic generation. With Arosecond pulse. Auto second laser spectroscopy and PITA. Phoenix has the enough potential to. To have the grant. To get qualified. By by getting some grand. And I have few grants in my mind. I'm just looking for this. An RF grant. Which could be. Highly potential. Grant application for me. It means if I would be able to write a research proposal based on this PETA. Photonic devices by using this. Current controlled laser. By using auto second laser. And that attosecond Ledger would be generated from this high. Generation and. To effectively collaborate with my previous supervisor Professor Sivaramakrishnan because he is already working on this high. Generation. In IIT Madras, so I would. Collaborate with him. To to write a research. The digital and the idea would be to like to focus on this beta's photonics so. In one flow it would. Like we have to generate the. Uh, active second, uh, Ledger. From the high. Chronic generation. So that. This generated auto second Ledger would be. Utilized for auto second pump spectroscopy and. Currently controlled studies to bombard it into the petahaj. Uh, to a semiconductor material where? We can control the petaha signal. That is coming out of it, so it would be like. Quiet revolutionary thing because the current, uh, semiconductor industries. Are like it's on a. It's on an edge. So there is a limit of to only gigahertz, but. Research work with photonics is like. It's it, it has been the research has been going on this terahertz photo next, but very few people you can, you can also count them. They are only working on this beta HERS photonics so I think it has the like. OK, it would be the highly. Uh, like profitable Or you can say a highly significant idea to. Where some grants like an RF or in terms of DST also. And from. I can also bring out some. Funds from abroad like you can say. If it is. With some foreign brands like. University collaborations like my. Current university with Ignore Research Center for Physics at Budapest. Or we can also. Collaborate with foreign universities Universities like. It is a jury and all and. Obviously I will be looking forward to get some grants. While collaborating with universities and various faculty members from cutting edge or you can say very. Highly reported universities like Cambries. Or from. The Oxford or something like that, I would like I would just present my ideas to them and if they would agree to work on it, we would write a research proposal to submit it to submit it to a. Highly significant some. Grant to acquire this grant or you can say I can also collaborate with. The researcher from. I would approach my idea to. Researchers from USA so that we can also have an. Idea like. Some, we can also get some grant from this national laboratories from USA or defense laboratories that would be highly significant. So I'm just looking forward to it. And this is just my idea, I'm just going to explore it and I. Startup by. Collecting by. Writing the research proper. The while collaborating with. Various faculties. Like Professor Shivarama Krishna from. Address from my current super. Peter, don't. Vasla Panos and. Combining all these people's idea, I'm just going to write write here. This is. And I'm immediately going to.

Alright, so you’d pursue NRF support and leverage international collaborations, especially on petahertz photonics and attosecond laser tech, since it’s such a rare field in India. If you were pitching this to VIT University’s leadership, what’s your approach for ensuring these projects produce high-impact publications that actually elevate the university’s global reputation in physics and engineering?

Actually I find this beta has photonics. Has the has a very significant properties because. A very few number of people are currently working on this all over the world and then in India also. Like very few number of labs only working on this high. Generation so. As you know, it is a very. The requirements for this. Research is. It's like a very cutting edge and have very cost related reasons also. So that's why nobody. Very few number of peoples. Are just exploring it and. As the current research is growing in an exponential manner, I feel that. This high harmonic generation. With Arosecond pulse. Auto second laser spectroscopy and PITA. Phoenix has the enough potential to. To have the grant. To get qualified. By by getting some grand. And I have few grants in my mind. I'm just looking for this. An RF grant. Which could be. Highly potential. Grant application for me. It means if I would be able to write a research proposal based on this PETA. Photonic devices by using this. Current controlled laser. By using auto second laser. And that attosecond Ledger would be generated from this high. Generation and. To effectively collaborate with my previous supervisor Professor Sivaramakrishnan because he is already working on this high. Generation. In IIT Madras, so I would. Collaborate with him. To to write a research. The digital and the idea would be to like to focus on this beta's photonics so. In one flow it would. Like we have to generate the. Uh, active second, uh, Ledger. From the high. Chronic generation. So that. This generated auto second Ledger would be. Utilized for auto second pump spectroscopy and. Currently controlled studies to bombard it into the petahaj. Uh, to a semiconductor material where? We can control the petaha signal. That is coming out of it, so it would be like. Quiet revolutionary thing because the current, uh, semiconductor industries. Are like it's on a. It's on an edge. So there is a limit of to only gigahertz, but. Research work with photonics is like. It's it, it has been the research has been going on this terahertz photo next, but very few people you can, you can also count them. They are only working on this beta HERS photonics so I think it has the like. OK, it would be the highly. Uh, like profitable Or you can say a highly significant idea to. Where some grants like an RF or in terms of DST also. And from. I can also bring out some. Funds from abroad like you can say. If it is. With some foreign brands like. University collaborations like my. Current university with Ignore Research Center for Physics at Budapest. Or we can also. Collaborate with foreign universities Universities like. It is a jury and all and. Obviously I will be looking forward to get some grants. While collaborating with universities and various faculty members from cutting edge or you can say very. Highly reported universities like Cambries. Or from. The Oxford or something like that, I would like I would just present my ideas to them and if they would agree to work on it, we would write a research proposal to submit it to submit it to a. Highly significant some. Grant to acquire this grant or you can say I can also collaborate with. The researcher from. I would approach my idea to. Researchers from USA so that we can also have an. Idea like. Some, we can also get some grant from this national laboratories from USA or defense laboratories that would be highly significant. So I'm just looking forward to it. And this is just my idea, I'm just going to explore it and I. Startup by. Collecting by. Writing the research proper. The while collaborating with. Various faculties. Like Professor Shivarama Krishna from. Address from my current super. Peter, don't. Vasla Panos and. Combining all these people's idea, I'm just going to write write here. This is. And I'm immediately going to. NRF and DST. And other like funding agencies for. That and even if it is possible some. National laboratories in India also CS. And all so I. Immediately start with. Slowly, slowly, I'm going to focus on this. To approach to abroad like. Something also Raiken is also a good institute. It would be. To apply for funding. And in terms of? In Germany also, there would be a very significant opportunity for that, because these people are already. Very interested in this kind of vessel so. I would approach them for any kind of the funding agencies like. That all those things. So that's. It's an idea.

Actually I find this beta has photonics. Has the has a very significant properties because. A very few number of people are currently working on this all over the world and then in India also. Like very few number of labs only working on this high. Generation so. As you know, it is a very. The requirements for this. Research is. It's like a very cutting edge and have very cost related reasons also. So that's why nobody. Very few number of peoples. Are just exploring it and. As the current research is growing in an exponential manner, I feel that. This high harmonic generation. With Arosecond pulse. Auto second laser spectroscopy and PITA. Phoenix has the enough potential to. To have the grant. To get qualified. By by getting some grand. And I have few grants in my mind. I'm just looking for this. An RF grant. Which could be. Highly potential. Grant application for me. It means if I would be able to write a research proposal based on this PETA. Photonic devices by using this. Current controlled laser. By using auto second laser. And that attosecond Ledger would be generated from this high. Generation and. To effectively collaborate with my previous supervisor Professor Sivaramakrishnan because he is already working on this high. Generation. In IIT Madras, so I would. Collaborate with him. To to write a research. The digital and the idea would be to like to focus on this beta's photonics so. In one flow it would. Like we have to generate the. Uh, active second, uh, Ledger. From the high. Chronic generation. So that. This generated auto second Ledger would be. Utilized for auto second pump spectroscopy and. Currently controlled studies to bombard it into the petahaj. Uh, to a semiconductor material where? We can control the petaha signal. That is coming out of it, so it would be like. Quiet revolutionary thing because the current, uh, semiconductor industries. Are like it's on a. It's on an edge. So there is a limit of to only gigahertz, but. Research work with photonics is like. It's it, it has been the research has been going on this terahertz photo next, but very few people you can, you can also count them. They are only working on this beta HERS photonics so I think it has the like. OK, it would be the highly. Uh, like profitable Or you can say a highly significant idea to. Where some grants like an RF or in terms of DST also. And from. I can also bring out some. Funds from abroad like you can say. If it is. With some foreign brands like. University collaborations like my. Current university with Ignore Research Center for Physics at Budapest. Or we can also. Collaborate with foreign universities Universities like. It is a jury and all and. Obviously I will be looking forward to get some grants. While collaborating with universities and various faculty members from cutting edge or you can say very. Highly reported universities like Cambries. Or from. The Oxford or something like that, I would like I would just present my ideas to them and if they would agree to work on it, we would write a research proposal to submit it to submit it to a. Highly significant some. Grant to acquire this grant or you can say I can also collaborate with. The researcher from. I would approach my idea to. Researchers from USA so that we can also have an. Idea like. Some, we can also get some grant from this national laboratories from USA or defense laboratories that would be highly significant. So I'm just looking forward to it. And this is just my idea, I'm just going to explore it and I. Startup by. Collecting by. Writing the research proper. The while collaborating with. Various faculties. Like Professor Shivarama Krishna from. Address from my current super. Peter, don't. Vasla Panos and. Combining all these people's idea, I'm just going to write write here. This is. And I'm immediately going to. NRF and DST. And other like funding agencies for. That and even if it is possible some. National laboratories in India also CS. And all so I. Immediately start with. Slowly, slowly, I'm going to focus on this. To approach to abroad like. Something also Raiken is also a good institute. It would be. To apply for funding. And in terms of? In Germany also, there would be a very significant opportunity for that, because these people are already. Very interested in this kind of vessel so. I would approach them for any kind of the funding agencies like. That all those things. So that's. It's an idea. I'm I'm just hoping that everything would. All of one place and I'm just. Looking forward to get all this funding. So with my current research I. And. With having all this potential and. Me having the suitable background. And with a strong collaboration. I think I could click it with this funding agencies and. I can get. Some very good amount of. Funding amount so that I can build a research laboratory and I can also supervise. You PhD research. I'm tech or undergrad researcher. And I can. Also. Help. They help build. The future and also. Focusing on. To getting some. Patents and to focusing on. Focusing on a specific material, property, studies, or any kind of cutting edge. Research output that. That I'm going to conduct in my lab. I just want to patent it and I'm just going to follow. The further procedure for. To bring up further grants so that. My IOB. Hit and yeah. That is all my idea.

Actually I find this beta has photonics. Has the has a very significant properties because. A very few number of people are currently working on this all over the world and then in India also. Like very few number of labs only working on this high. Generation so. As you know, it is a very. The requirements for this. Research is. It's like a very cutting edge and have very cost related reasons also. So that's why nobody. Very few number of peoples. Are just exploring it and. As the current research is growing in an exponential manner, I feel that. This high harmonic generation. With Arosecond pulse. Auto second laser spectroscopy and PITA. Phoenix has the enough potential to. To have the grant. To get qualified. By by getting some grand. And I have few grants in my mind. I'm just looking for this. An RF grant. Which could be. Highly potential. Grant application for me. It means if I would be able to write a research proposal based on this PETA. Photonic devices by using this. Current controlled laser. By using auto second laser. And that attosecond Ledger would be generated from this high. Generation and. To effectively collaborate with my previous supervisor Professor Sivaramakrishnan because he is already working on this high. Generation. In IIT Madras, so I would. Collaborate with him. To to write a research. The digital and the idea would be to like to focus on this beta's photonics so. In one flow it would. Like we have to generate the. Uh, active second, uh, Ledger. From the high. Chronic generation. So that. This generated auto second Ledger would be. Utilized for auto second pump spectroscopy and. Currently controlled studies to bombard it into the petahaj. Uh, to a semiconductor material where? We can control the petaha signal. That is coming out of it, so it would be like. Quiet revolutionary thing because the current, uh, semiconductor industries. Are like it's on a. It's on an edge. So there is a limit of to only gigahertz, but. Research work with photonics is like. It's it, it has been the research has been going on this terahertz photo next, but very few people you can, you can also count them. They are only working on this beta HERS photonics so I think it has the like. OK, it would be the highly. Uh, like profitable Or you can say a highly significant idea to. Where some grants like an RF or in terms of DST also. And from. I can also bring out some. Funds from abroad like you can say. If it is. With some foreign brands like. University collaborations like my. Current university with Ignore Research Center for Physics at Budapest. Or we can also. Collaborate with foreign universities Universities like. It is a jury and all and. Obviously I will be looking forward to get some grants. While collaborating with universities and various faculty members from cutting edge or you can say very. Highly reported universities like Cambries. Or from. The Oxford or something like that, I would like I would just present my ideas to them and if they would agree to work on it, we would write a research proposal to submit it to submit it to a. Highly significant some. Grant to acquire this grant or you can say I can also collaborate with. The researcher from. I would approach my idea to. Researchers from USA so that we can also have an. Idea like. Some, we can also get some grant from this national laboratories from USA or defense laboratories that would be highly significant. So I'm just looking forward to it. And this is just my idea, I'm just going to explore it and I. Startup by. Collecting by. Writing the research proper. The while collaborating with. Various faculties. Like Professor Shivarama Krishna from. Address from my current super. Peter, don't. Vasla Panos and. Combining all these people's idea, I'm just going to write write here. This is. And I'm immediately going to. NRF and DST. And other like funding agencies for. That and even if it is possible some. National laboratories in India also CS. And all so I. Immediately start with. Slowly, slowly, I'm going to focus on this. To approach to abroad like. Something also Raiken is also a good institute. It would be. To apply for funding. And in terms of? In Germany also, there would be a very significant opportunity for that, because these people are already. Very interested in this kind of vessel so. I would approach them for any kind of the funding agencies like. That all those things. So that's. It's an idea. I'm I'm just hoping that everything would. All of one place and I'm just. Looking forward to get all this funding. So with my current research I. And. With having all this potential and. Me having the suitable background. And with a strong collaboration. I think I could click it with this funding agencies and. I can get. Some very good amount of. Funding amount so that I can build a research laboratory and I can also supervise. You PhD research. I'm tech or undergrad researcher. And I can. Also. Help. They help build. The future and also. Focusing on. To getting some. Patents and to focusing on. Focusing on a specific material, property, studies, or any kind of cutting edge. Research output that. That I'm going to conduct in my lab. I just want to patent it and I'm just going to follow. The further procedure for. To bring up further grants so that. My IOB. Hit and yeah. That is all my idea. So. That's the answer to your question. You can proceed.

Alright, Dr. Sahu, you pointed out that petahertz photonics is an emerging field with significant funding challenges and international collaboration potential, especially with NRF and DST. Let’s shift slightly—when you’ve supervised researchers or students in the lab, can you give a concrete example of how your guidance led to an innovative outcome in semiconductor device physics? Even a small breakthrough is fine.

You’ve worked hands-on with advanced photonics setups and complex device fabrication. Suppose you’re guiding a group of undergraduate students in a semiconductor device physics lab, but you’re not allowed to rely on traditional lectures or slides—how would you structure an activity so they actually engage with the material and generate meaningful, innovative results?

Alright, you laid out a clear vision around targeting NRF and DST grants, plus international collaborations, to push petahertz photonics research and eventually build out a lab that could train students and produce patents. Shifting to pedagogy—imagine you’re supervising a group of undergraduates in a semiconductor device physics lab, and you want them not just to follow instructions, but to propose and test their own experimental ideas. How do you structure those sessions so even students with limited experience can contribute meaningfully?

Dr. Sahu, you described targeting NRF and DST grants for petahertz photonics, and building collaborations across India and abroad—especially for rare, high-cost research areas. Let’s shift to teaching: suppose you’re guiding a group of undergraduate or postgraduate students in a semiconductor device physics lab. How would you structure that lab experience to push them toward genuine innovation, rather than just following standard protocols?

OK. So in terms of that? Let's say. Uh, my target is to. Fabricate or. Manufacture a device. This beta has Photo by using this beta hash technology. So. Our target would be the set of the lab. So my first target would be to. Bring up the. Instruments, leather facilities and so my idea would be to. Like establish A laboratory with all these optical components and all. So my next step would be to. Bring in undergrad or postgrad or PhD students.

OK. So in terms of that? Let's say. Uh, my target is to. Fabricate or. Manufacture a device. This beta has Photo by using this beta hash technology. So. Our target would be the set of the lab. So my first target would be to. Bring up the. Instruments, leather facilities and so my idea would be to. Like establish A laboratory with all these optical components and all. So my next step would be to. Bring in undergrad or postgrad or PhD students. Into. Specific categories like as. I have the ultimate. Idea. To fabricate a Petaha's device.

OK. So in terms of that? Let's say. Uh, my target is to. Fabricate or. Manufacture a device. This beta has Photo by using this beta hash technology. So. Our target would be the set of the lab. So my first target would be to. Bring up the. Instruments, leather facilities and so my idea would be to. Like establish A laboratory with all these optical components and all. So my next step would be to. Bring in undergrad or postgrad or PhD students. Into. Specific categories like as. I have the ultimate. Idea. To fabricate a Petaha's device. So for that. I would be. Needing. A section that would work. Completely on this. A semiconductor device fabrication. So that would work with that. So that is. Is there a different that is 1 section? Based on. Building. A optical setup, so. To build my own. Laser by using. I bring by purchasing a very small pump Ledger. With a high reputation rate, I'm just looking forward to building that. Yeah, that's it. Well, and. First one is semi. Second one is laser. And third one would be. To handle the. Electronics.

Okay, you've described the importance of building lab infrastructure and bringing students into that process. Shifting gears, accreditation cycles can be pretty demanding—say you joined our department and discovered that outcome assessment data was inconsistent across several physics courses. How would you approach fixing that?

Okay, Dr. Sahu, let’s talk about professional integrity. Imagine a situation: a student formally complains that your grading is biased, but at the same time your department head is pressuring you to improve pass rates. How would you handle that tension?

OK. So in terms of that? Let's say. Uh, my target is to. Fabricate or. Manufacture a device. This beta has Photo by using this beta hash technology. So. Our target would be the set of the lab. So my first target would be to. Bring up the. Instruments, leather facilities and so my idea would be to. Like establish A laboratory with all these optical components and all. So my next step would be to. Bring in undergrad or postgrad or PhD students. Into. Specific categories like as. I have the ultimate. Idea. To fabricate a Petaha's device. So for that. I would be. Needing. A section that would work. Completely on this. A semiconductor device fabrication. So that would work with that. So that is. Is there a different that is 1 section? Based on. Building. A optical setup, so. To build my own. Laser by using. I bring by purchasing a very small pump Ledger. With a high reputation rate, I'm just looking forward to building that. Yeah, that's it. Well, and. First one is semi. Second one is laser. And third one would be. To handle the. Electronics. And. You can say computer science related like codings. By designing programming. Designing softwares by using Labview or Matlab? A MATLAB or. By making a continuous lab flow. By using. This current machine. Learning techniques or. Data process. Matlab or something like that so that. My idea is. Gate bring. All these things. Like a cold. Manner so that uh, my past uh, so I have just divided into 3 uh. Sections. Research idea. Now I'm going to divide into it among the students. That would be. One or two students in the semiconductor manufacturing section and there will be two or three students who would be based on this laser and photonics. Lab development application and in the third section there would be like few guys that would handle the linear. Like electronics, Computer science. Building up lab. Of softwares and data processing techniques and based on machine learning also. So yeah. So that. That would be my idea. And my in my past section, I would push people to focus on this literature survey after having a. Very significant literature survey. I would collaborate with. The other research labs in India. I would send them to get trained about this. Uh, semiconductor manufacturing techniques, I would. Let them attend several. Conferences and WhatsApp to have a. Similar few ideas about all these techniques. Manufacturing, data processing and femtosecond Ledger or autosecond Ledger and Petrohazz bottlenecks. Then after bringing them back to my lab. Start them. Individually. To them so that they can have. All the hands on experience. I can push them. Giving them sort tasks. And. Analyzing their progress. I would just encourage them to. Paste these failures, take it as a challenge and bring out your ideas. That so that my semiconductor SEC. 2nd and my photonic section and my. For the electronic. Computer Science section would get. Would be aligned like a collinear manner and I would get the. Result output in terms of a very high end. Result that I'll be working on that so that I in the end it would just come up to me to find. For a pattern to validate the result to. Like bring out the research result in such a manner it could be public. In high impact impact.

OK. So in terms of that? Let's say. Uh, my target is to. Fabricate or. Manufacture a device. This beta has Photo by using this beta hash technology. So. Our target would be the set of the lab. So my first target would be to. Bring up the. Instruments, leather facilities and so my idea would be to. Like establish A laboratory with all these optical components and all. So my next step would be to. Bring in undergrad or postgrad or PhD students. Into. Specific categories like as. I have the ultimate. Idea. To fabricate a Petaha's device. So for that. I would be. Needing. A section that would work. Completely on this. A semiconductor device fabrication. So that would work with that. So that is. Is there a different that is 1 section? Based on. Building. A optical setup, so. To build my own. Laser by using. I bring by purchasing a very small pump Ledger. With a high reputation rate, I'm just looking forward to building that. Yeah, that's it. Well, and. First one is semi. Second one is laser. And third one would be. To handle the. Electronics. And. You can say computer science related like codings. By designing programming. Designing softwares by using Labview or Matlab? A MATLAB or. By making a continuous lab flow. By using. This current machine. Learning techniques or. Data process. Matlab or something like that so that. My idea is. Gate bring. All these things. Like a cold. Manner so that uh, my past uh, so I have just divided into 3 uh. Sections. Research idea. Now I'm going to divide into it among the students. That would be. One or two students in the semiconductor manufacturing section and there will be two or three students who would be based on this laser and photonics. Lab development application and in the third section there would be like few guys that would handle the linear. Like electronics, Computer science. Building up lab. Of softwares and data processing techniques and based on machine learning also. So yeah. So that. That would be my idea. And my in my past section, I would push people to focus on this literature survey after having a. Very significant literature survey. I would collaborate with. The other research labs in India. I would send them to get trained about this. Uh, semiconductor manufacturing techniques, I would. Let them attend several. Conferences and WhatsApp to have a. Similar few ideas about all these techniques. Manufacturing, data processing and femtosecond Ledger or autosecond Ledger and Petrohazz bottlenecks. Then after bringing them back to my lab. Start them. Individually. To them so that they can have. All the hands on experience. I can push them. Giving them sort tasks. And. Analyzing their progress. I would just encourage them to. Paste these failures, take it as a challenge and bring out your ideas. That so that my semiconductor SEC. 2nd and my photonic section and my. For the electronic. Computer Science section would get. Would be aligned like a collinear manner and I would get the. Result output in terms of a very high end. Result that I'll be working on that so that I in the end it would just come up to me to find. For a pattern to validate the result to. Like bring out the research result in such a manner it could be public. In high impact impact. The research articles like PRL, natural photonics or something like that. So this is the answer to your question. You can proceed. Further.

Okay, so you’d break the group into focused teams—some on device fabrication, others building the optical setup, and another handling the electronics. But let’s say one student wants to try a completely new approach, maybe using a different material or measurement method that’s not part of your original plan. How would you handle that, especially if there’s some risk it could slow the main project?

Okay, so you'd break the group into focused teams—some on device fabrication, others building the optical setup, and another handling the electronics and data processing—then push them to collaborate, face failures, and iterate for high-impact results. Let’s talk about ethical challenges now: suppose a student formally complains that your grading is biased, but at the same time your department head is pressuring you to improve pass rates. How do you navigate that situation while maintaining academic integrity?

Okay,

Yeah, please proceed.

So, you’d organize the lab into teams focused on device fabrication, laser development, and electronics, and you’d actively connect students with outside experts and conferences to broaden their perspective. Now, let’s talk about ethical tensions. Suppose a colleague asks you to co-author a paper, but you notice some of their experimental data looks questionable. What would you actually do in that situation?

Yeah, please proceed. Please proceed further, time is running out.

So, you’d structure the lab with clear roles and encourage students to learn by doing, not just following instructions. Now, let’s talk about ethical tensions: imagine a student files a formal complaint alleging your grading is biased, while your department head is pressuring you to improve pass rates. How would you navigate that situation?

Oh well, I'll just. Uh, be frank with everybody. I would, uh. Be open with student. I would just openly communicate with them. If, uh, some kind of situation would arise. I frankly discussed with the student itself. To clear out few misunderstanding that would go on. Uh, between us? And whoever he would be, or she would be alleging it to be so. I'll just bring up them together. Discuss them frankly. And and in term in in the. In the Chamber of my department head also. So my idea is. Free, open and transparent so that everybody would have a clear idea and if there is any kind of misunderstanding. Is it clear out? There should be no any kind of. Pressure to anybody if they feel that something wrong has been done. Then I'll just. Frankly, say my. Things this was. My condition and this is the this is. What I did? And I. Feel that that is correct. And I'm not harming anybody or. I'm not biasing. I've just expressed this attitude. Towards. This response towards my Hod and. Let him handle the situation carefully. So my role would be to. Make it everything transparent. Make it understand everybody. All these things and. So that it would be clear out between us. And that's this situ. Shouldn't hamper my father research brings. If that student is a PhD guide then I think. He has the right to do proper research work. I'm not going to. Like I'm just going to focus on research. So I'll just, by keeping all these things transparent, I think I will be. Very good on that. I think I would. Encourage this kind of. I think I can. Handle this kind of situation like this way. Now timing is running running out. Please proceed to next question.

Oh well, I'll just. Uh, be frank with everybody. I would, uh. Be open with student. I would just openly communicate with them. If, uh, some kind of situation would arise. I frankly discussed with the student itself. To clear out few misunderstanding that would go on. Uh, between us?

Oh well, I'll just. Uh, be frank with everybody. I would, uh. Be open with student. I would just openly communicate with them. If, uh, some kind of situation would arise. I frankly discussed with the student itself. To clear out few misunderstanding that would go on. Uh, between us? And whoever he would be, or she would be alleging it to be so. I'll just bring up them together. Discuss them frankly.

Dr. Sahu, based on your experience in high harmonic generation and semiconductor devices, do you have any connections to industry—either in India or abroad—that could help your students access internships or real-world project opportunities?

Okay, you've emphasized transparency and direct discussion if a grading dispute arises, which shows a commitment to fairness. Now, focusing on your technical expertise—let’s talk about machine learning. Have you ever applied any machine learning techniques in your research, for example, for analyzing experimental data or automating lab measurements?

Alright, Dr. Sahu, we're wrapping up. Is there anything you'd like to ask about the role or the team?