Good day, Dr. C. Kamal. I'm Arjun. I've had a look through your background and your professional record. I'm interested in hearing more about your work and how you see yourself fitting in here with our faculty. Ready to start?

Thank you for inviting me.

I am Dr. C Kamal. Presently I am working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering.

As I'm usually engineering college Chennai, I hold a PhD.

From electrical engineering.

In MIT campus, Anna University, Chennai, PG from.

Roman College of Technology.

Point to presentation of power systems engineering at.

I'm not university. Eugene B, Triple E from Milam Engineering College.

Madras University, Chennai My research area focused on optimal design of brushless DC motor using soft computing techniques. But the 20 years of teaching experience I have had a privilege of mentoring thousands of students.

On guiding them not only in academics but also in placement, personal development and career readiness. My teaching portfolio expands across electrical machines, power systems, control systems, and electrical vehicle technology.

I hope I do eat.

I will actually coordinator.

NIRF.

Yes, Sir.

Thank you, Professor. Let's begin. Given your extensive experience and academic background, I'm going to evaluate specific aspects related to the role you're applying for. Let's start with your expertise. Could you briefly explain how you would simplify the concept of a brushless DC motor to an undergraduate engineering class?

Yes, Sir. Thank you. Thank you for the opportunity. Generally at DC Motor, the motor is a basic element.

Basic principle is converting input.

Electrical energy to mechanical energy. In DC motor it has a commutator, so it's have a mechanical combinator. Due to the presence of mechanical commutator in the BLDC, in the DC motor it's very easy.

Higher loss is higher. So to simplify its construction as well as efficiency, we are going for a brushless DC motor. A brushless DZ motor is an inverted as a mission that we are using position sensors. Through the position sensors, we are going to provide feedback in the fresh plus Daisy motor. There not be any brushes in physical DC conventional machine. We are having pressures due to.

The presence of brushes as well as field winding here losses is higher.

Because of options of pressure in the PLDC motor, here we are having a stator, stator will not carry any poles, rotor only having permanent magnet poles. So because of presence of this permanent magnet here the copper loss is very, very lesser in that particular machine. Because of that lesser copper losses efficiency is higher in the press less DC motor. Even we can able to operate that machine above 95 percentage of efficiency. But in a.

Functional machine your efficiency is not supposed to be like the above 95 percentage. We can't able to achieve because of the losses as well as material physics. At present situation, enormous amount of the research work is carried out on materials especially because of using this particular.

Permanent inside the rotor position that it is the most important thing we can able to reduce the losses which going to be present inside the conventional machine. So due to that such things only we are going for a BLDC motor. In the BLDC motor the most important thing is energy saving scheme. At present situation even if you are using convolutional VLDC motor the power rating is higher.

But in BLDC MOTA it going to be available in a power rating of 35 watts to 40 watts even at present situation. Now for all the fans at daily applications there we are going for a BLDC inverter fed machine. So in the BLDC inverter fed machine it is easy.

Thank

Silly we can able to reduce the energy consumption at present situation all over the world. The most important thing is energy consumption. So the energy consumption most important thing in our country like India, we are 75 percentage fully reliable on thermal power station. So Government of India itself insists to close all the thermal power station by 2027. But it is not a practically possible in country like India.

Because our population is keep on increasing so we have to go for alternate energy that's what we want to go for renewable energy systems. But the another aspect is we can able to design a simple mission with lesser energy consumption. So that what today at present situation all the electrical vehicles maximum they are using BLDC motor and permanent manner synchronous motor. Then another important thing in this aspect the most important thing is.

Even in spacecraft this VLDC motor is employed. Even in our country even the launching the Chandra in three itself they implemented this BLTC motor. So in this particular VLTC motor that energy consumption is very very lesser when compared to the conventional machine. Then apart from that here also it carries its own difficulties because in VLDC motor the back EMS is trapezoidal.

And it carry.

Noisy operation at initial level due to the cogging torque. So at a research work is we have to minimize the cogging torque as much as possible. Then we can able to design the machine with the variable.

Energy saving schemes such as material physics. So here at present situation enormous amount of magnetic material score materials are available. So through that we can able to go for high energy density because the build will see what are the main concept is high energy density. Energy density is higher because of that easily we can able to improve the efficiency of the machine.

Hope I provided enough explanation about the BLDC motor as well as conventional DC machine.

Thank you, Professor. You've provided a thorough explanation of the differences between conventional DC motors and BLDC motors. It gives me a good sense of how deeply you understand the topic and how you approach simplifying complex concepts. Let us now discuss your teaching approach. How do you ensure that students remain engaged and grasp abstract concepts effectively in your classes?

Yes Sir, even for a last three years I do writing gate examination. So every time when coach coaching class is going on, I just participate along with the student.

Get expect to every year for each and every mid students. Along with them I can able to write examination also even last before year even I don't have a time to prepare for especially for them. Even last year I applied for A2 GATE examination 1 is for instrumentation engineering as well As for electrical engineering. But due to some personal commitment I can't able to write the GATE examination for instrumentation engineering. But I wrote electrical engineering but I got 15.5%.

Go to coaching class as well as I will take electrical missions as well as control system as.

In last year I wrote the same GATE examination. There I score 10.5 Nagain now also I have applied for a GATE as well as I am teaching GATE.

Examination control system as well as electrical missions to them. Even now I am preparing power systems. Also next week I have an appointment with my students because every Saturday there will be a great coaching for my students. So next coming Saturday I plan to take power system as a revision for a GATE class so I can separately concentrate for one more question as well as. Separately for a two more questions separate gate coaching class for them even some.

Cases at the initial level even before 20 years of my teaching experience in some institute. So they paid me. I have taken the mathematical gate coaching also for them. Now it slowly changed to concentrate on my family members. I have just deal.

Not going for that's such a commitment. Instead of that for my each and every students, I am handling GATE class. Around 28 students are registered here from my institution from third year as well as final year. Along with them I am going to write the examination. Even I got a hall ticket for writing. My examination is going to be fall on February 14th afternoon. It's my center is Dhanushmi Engineering College in Chennai.

Call Mike Robert.

Enough explanation.

Understood, Professor. Shall we proceed to the next topic? Let me know.

Yes, Professor.

Now let's dive into your ability to teach practical and theoretical courses. How do you approach teaching laboratory courses, like electrical machines or power systems, to ensure students not only understand the theory but also gain hands-on skills?

Yes Sir, Thank you. Thank you for an opportunity at present situation. Now curriculums has changed. So now they introduce J components in the curriculum. J components means the course will contain theory as well as practical. In theoretical part we covered 5 units then after that module of five units there we kept some practical. So for an example at present situation, I am handling AC machines subject that is electrical machines too in this AC.

Subject In this first unit I am teaching the concept of.

Alternators.

As well as EMF, uh regulation of alternator. Basically 4 type of methods for measuring the EM of alternator, EM of voltage regulation of the alternator so so voltage regulation of the alternator is measured by EMF method, MMF method, ZPF method as well as ASI method.

Along this all the four methods that EMF and MMF method, the practically I'm showing here then now we are having enormous amount of facilities and virtual lab also. So before taking them to that physical lab.

I can able to explain in the virtual lab how to give the connection basically. So what is the function of fuse? What is the function of three plus starter for a DC motor? Because while doing EMF and MMF of three pairs alternator first we have to connect to the prime mover. The prime mover is a DC motor. So while we are going for such a prime mover, while you are connecting a DC motor, how we can able to physically connect a startup while we are going to connect a three page starter in field winding that we are having a real.

In which position which have to be whether minimum position or maximum position then are mature winding. So how we can able to connect an armature winding then field winding then we have to connect zero to two ohms of a meter then how we can able to connect so these such things practically I can able to show it in laboratory but apart from that in virtual lab also we can able to ask the students to connect because while they are doing practically in a lab while doing virtual labs they may understand the concept very.

So that separately and excitation supply which have to be provided to an alternator field winding. So DC supply is taken there we are going to provide the excitation. So the first and foremost important thing is after giving all the primary connection in open circuit as well as short circuit connection, the first thing is students have to check the precaution before starting the experiment. The precaution should be the starter should be in the minimum position and then field side restart should be in the minimum.

Easy. Then after that they have to provide an alternative open set to test and short circuit test while carry outing the open circuit test that between the two pairs R&Y they have to connect a voltmeter around zero to 600 Volt if it is a three phase alternator.

And then we have to give an excitation. So the potential deadvided error should be in the maximum position. After absorbing all the precaution then the TPST should be should be in the off position. After that we have to switch on the main panel. Then after the DC supply once DC supply is switched on then slowly we have to increase the three-point starter. The necessary for a three-point starter for a DC motor is DC motor is not a self starting machine because.

So because of there will not be any Batty MF in the DC motor where we know V is equal to EB plus IARA and DC shunt motor. So from that IA is equal to V minus EV by RA. So because of for an example I am taking 220 Volt DC motor there will not be any backem of always R mature resistances between .522 ohms. We will consider as a maximum BF back EMF. So 220 voltage by 2 Volt it will take around 110 nahms for an example of.

At the time of starting there will not be any back EMF in a DC motor.

Mission to five kilowatt it will take around some 18.6 sums. If you take five times of higher rate current all the winding is going to be burnt away. To avoid that such things only we are going for a three-point startup. So slowly we can able to start the machine using 3 point starter. Once we started the machine using 3 point starter completely. So the machine is running Now we have to adjust the field side restart to operate 1500 RPM. Once we applied 1500 RPM then.

The mission give.

But easy, what are you electric, uh, mechanical energy? The DC motor, if you are giving input electrical energy, it going to provide mechanical energy. Mechanical energy is given to the particular machine once a mechanical energy is given to the particular.

Alternator synchronous or synchronous generator so that it get an mechanical energy, it produce output electrical energy. Then for a field winding always alternator is a state or we are having a armature in rotor we are having a rotating field winding There we are going to provide an excitation because of the particular excitation which we are going to provide, we are going to provide a DC supply. So slowly we are adjusting the real start.

In such a way practically we can able to show the students how excitation is increases. Due to the increase of excitation arm of revolving magnetic flux which is going to be get created, we cut the stationary armature conductor that emf going to be get induced. So induced emf gradually increase from zero to 450 Volt. First they have to take open circuit characteristic, so gradually they have to adjust the field wind field winding.

We can able to get a induced voltage from 0102030. So field winding field current increased to 0.1.2.3.4 up to some around rated voltage. We can able to take for an example three page 415 voltage. Even beyond the rated voltage. Also we can able to take because in a open circuit we can able to increase the voltage. Then after that again we have to bring that reverse start in the normal position. Then we have to close the.

Supply so in such a way that.

Switch TPS to switch that we are going to provide a short circuit. So that time we have to adjust the Rio start execution in such a way we have to give a field winding supply. So for a red current for an example three KV of alternator even which we are in our laboratory, it has 6.9 ohms. So we have to adjust the field current in such a way up to 6.9 amps. We have to takedown the single reading after note Downing the reading practically students may know.

And we have to teach them the most important thing, how to switch off the machine. Then again we have to open the circuit. Then after that slowly we have to bring it to the minimum position. Then another important thing, initially we have to teach the students about a fuse rating. Because before starting the experiment students must know about a fuse rating. What will be the no load fuse rating of that machine? What will be the rated current? At no load condition, all the electrical machine will take only 10 percentage of the rate at current.

In load condition, it will take 123 percentage of the rate at current. So it's our responsibility we have to teach about that one. Even before that one, the safety frequency of laboratory going to play a major role. Initial instruction is all the students in electrical missions laboratory, the most important thing is they have to wear leather shoes, then they have to wear lab coats. Even for a girl students they have to provide all their hair inside the lab code because the most.

Important thing is safety, even the industry, also the golden things which is written everywhere, safety first protectionist. So before entering into my laboratory, the first thing is students have to follow the safety precautions strictly. Once they know the safety precautions strictly, then only they will be allowed to do the experiment. Then after that after giving all the connection in front of the bed without the staff members, they are not allowed to start the experiment because we have to check.

Whether they give the proper connection or not, because once they improper this connection is given, they will start the machine. Some fuse, fuse going to be get broken. But students may get suddenly they get agitated, they get some fear of touching the machine for the next time. So we have to provide a hope to the students how to start ads and every machine. So initially in such a way we can able to conduct even something we can able to do make them to more understanding, we can able to go for transformer experiment.

Ex Experiment that it is not a dynamic device, it is a static device. It is in that static device without any rotation. Students can able to understand even we may conduct a load test and open set code and short circuit test. Even in the alternator also we can able to conduct the load test. We can teach the students. We can able to connect a lamp load there we can able to show physically how a lamp is going to be glow as well as we can able to connect to the.

Even the transformer easier.

Some other electrical appliance so we can able to show practically how these such things which are going to be work. And then from even for a DZ motor we can able to conduct speed control even a single mission. At present situation we are having a single mission which is going to be cascaded with the many application from a single machine itself we can able to conduct multiple experiment for an example speed contract, speed control of DC motor we can able to conduct as well as Swinburne test of DC shunt motor that we can able to conduct as well.

Load test of DC shunt motor, that too going to be possible from a single experiment. Many such experiment which is going to be conducted easily. We can able to elaborate to them how it's going to be.

Conducted then how they are easily attending as well as grasping the practical knowledge from it. Because any J component integrated course practical knowledge is most important thing. So even morning hours they may I may teach in theoretical class. Often I will take them, I will give a practical connection even I will give a tester how to test, then how to test the windings then how to give a connection practically. So because the practical knowledge is most important to the. While giving the tester while using a multimeter, they may practically know how that what will be the voltage level it's going to be measured. For an example, they're having multiples of AC over meter and DC meter for AAC meter. How to give a connection DC meter, How to give a connection Azim meter and moving ion instrument. DC meter is moving coil instrument. So they may know about the difference between the two things. What is going by moving ion? What is going by moving coil? How to connect a voltmeter? Voltimeter have to be connected.

Amit have to be connected seriously, what happens if ultimate connector parallely ammeter connector seriously, these are all the practical things students may know easily to understand that concept. So in such a way always in my laboratory, the first and foremost important I'll give to the dressing codes as well as rules and regulation, because without wearing leather shoes, I won't allow them inside the lab. The next thing is the lab cost is must then after that they have.

Of one of the safety precaution, then how to switch on the bed, how to switch off it? What are all the rules and regulation? How to be followed if suddenly?

Any burnings on fire testing would happen, how to operate that safety precaution of fire extinguisher? Where will be the first aid box? How to give a treatment if any study certain things which are going to be happen to me students. These are all the all the safety aspects actually clearly I'm giving to the students in such a way easily they can able to understand.

I hope I give an enough explanation.

Regarding my laboratory course handling.

Thank you, Professor. You've provided a comprehensive and thoughtful explanation of how you handle laboratory courses, emphasizing both theoretical understanding and hands-on experience while ensuring student safety. Your dedication to practical learning and meticulous attention to detail are evident. Let us now move to another critical aspect of an academic role—research. Could you explain the significance of your research on the optimal design of brushless DC motors using soft computing techniques, and how it contributes to advancements in the field?

Thank you, Sir. As I said earlier, our present situation in our country, energy scaling schemes is the most important thing. So while designing any motor, the most important thing is it have to save the power, how much amount of the energy, lesser energy going to take that going to play a major role in that aspect. The most important thing is VLDC motor provide high power density. So in this high power density the design is more complex so even.

We have more number of parameters is there, so while we're going to optimize each and every parameter, even in my own BLDC motor, the design parameters such as.

Slots opening magnet thickness and then.

That's armature thickness than armature opening. More N number of design parameters are there.

After the N number of design parameters, it will take more time to optimize each and every design. So that's what I am going for. Soft computing techniques I'm using the help of A and ML. So I am implemented so many algorithms. Initially I take a badc motor. I take the first problem is in a motor calling torque is higher, so I have to minimize the cogging torque physically. I designed the machine, then run the machine, I measure the cogging torque. Then I implemented the soft computing techniques. The first techniques where I.

Genetic algorithm based optimization algorithm as well as PSO algorithms and then on colony optimization algorithm. After I implementing the algorithm, I optimized all the design parameters. Then while optimizing the design parameters it provides various numbers of readings. So in the particular various numbers of reading and that is nearly N number of.

Result it going to provide to me. From that N number of results which is provided to me. I am going to collect the design data. Then I design the using that machine using finite element analysis software. In the finite element software I used magnetic magnet and water solve then that out of this N number of parameter that I have implemented most influenced design variable. The most influenced design variable means in cogging torque reduction, enormous design parameters there.

This most influenced design variable that I implemented variance based sensitivity analysis. Through the variance based sensitivity analysis I gotta find out four design variables. The four design variable I have implemented. Then after that I have find out the four design variable that is optimized using algorithms. Then once I get an optimized result just I just gave it to the.

From software, from the affect design the mission, then after that I have to validate the algorithm. So for this NRM amount of research metrics are there so through.

That how fast that algorithm is working. So even the multi objective optimization algorithm and all different type of research metrics are there. So through the research metrics for my design procedure I conclude that for a multi objective optimization algorithm in a single objective optimization algorithm I have implemented cogging tilting in multi optic objective optimization algorithm I have implemented.

Increase of.

Efficiency, decrease of losses and decrease of volume through multi adjective optimization algorithm. There have concluded Moi multi objective genetic algorithm and niche reparative genetic algorithm and NSGA 2. So from the parametric metrics have a concluded that NSCA algorithm it is the best software result. After getting the result the next level is I have to implement hardware. So in this hardware implementation also I designed the mission then the most.

Button is thermal design, so the thermal design going to play a major role. So my mission it's thermally how to be stable, so it how to be thermally stable.

I used Fluke image camera. I run the machine for several hours. I captured the pictures. Then I analyzed the picture. In which area? In which part the?

Radiation going to be deferred. Then after capturing all the design some practical hardware design and software design is concluded. So from that I concluded that these such a model going to be a best suitable application for electrical vehicle. Because in my model I run a motor continuously for four hours. Many time got a failure that MOSFET cat burn away. So again I replace the enormous amount of practical knowledge I got at so due to that such only I can able to.

I hope I provided proper explanation to you.

Yes, Sir. Thank you very much actually.

Thank you, Professor. You've presented a compelling explanation of your research on optimizing BLDC motor design. Your application of soft computing techniques, such as genetic algorithms and multi-objective optimization methods, combined with thorough validation both in simulation and hardware, demonstrates a strong understanding of the subject. Your efforts towards increasing efficiency and reducing losses in the context of electric vehicles are indeed commendable and impactful. Now, considering your experience and achievements, could you share an example of a successful consultancy or industry project you've contributed to and its outcomes?

I have developed a consultancy project in such a way that is I submitted in a Ros scheme. So in this Ros research scheme that I develop yeah, low forecasting method. In this particular low forecasting method I implemented artificial intelligent method techniques. They are from Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. I have collected more number of datas then in this load forecasting the most important.

Thing is the load scheduling, I planned for a medium load forecasting. In this medium load forecasting, we have to collect your data then we have to forecast the load. Based upon that we can able to provide information to Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. The Tamil Nadu Electricity Board from our forecast they may easily optimize the result from that they can able to forecast easily. So initially the project we collected more the data.

Various type of forecasting method, we analyzed it there itself. We implemented the our optimization technique, single objective optimization technique on multi objective optimization technique. So for collection of all the data, it will take nearly three to four months for us. Then after that from the random forecasting method we implemented how the conventional method is worked. Then after that we implemented it so then we provide some forecasting data. Then we presented an online to the Bangalore. So through.

So using.

That ROA scheme for that particular.

How to optimize that load forecasting. So even nearly 3 to 4 stages, we have more, but our most important thing is at a final stage, we can't able to compete with a more number of peoples. Because apart from our project which we are going to provide, they give, they develop some advanced algorithms through the algorithms, they provided the best solutions to them. Because our algorithms as well as our forecasting method, it takes somewhat. Little bit higher time consumption.