Am I audible?

Please start by introducing your professional journey in academia

Hello Mashal. Doctor Ramesh Kumari Yadav. I have started my professional journey.

Right, Dr. Ramesh Kumari Yadav — you mentioned starting your professional journey but didn't say where or in what capacity. Could you walk me through the main milestones in your academic career so far?

By joining. The Government Engineering College. Raipur, where I have taught. 42 years. Sure.

Okay, you spent 42 years teaching at Government Engineering College Raipur — that's quite a tenure. Anything else you want to add about your academic journey, or is that the main arc?

I have completed my uh. Bachelor of Engineering. From the electrical and. I I will start from the beginning. I have started my career with UH. By joining the. Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronic engineering from the. Pandit Ravi Shankar, Shukla University Rap. And after that I have. Then my master of engineering in Power System. From this Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University, Bhilai. And after that, in the 2019 I had joined. The amenity rapport as a PhD research scholar. And in between these I have joined. As a faculty in government receiving college Raipur for two years. And after that? I have joined NIT Rapport as a contact faculty for eight years. Werrier taught three different subjects. And after. NIT Raipur. I have joined the renewable agency technology department. Uh, technology and management. Pandit Ravi Shankar, Shukla University. For one year. So I have more than 10 years of. Teaching experience in academia. And five years research in my PhD.

Okay, with your background in both power systems and teaching across different institutions, can you tell me which foundational concept in electrical engineering you most enjoy teaching to undergraduates, and why?

Uh, where I pursued, which I pursued in the from the amenity Jaipur. An indie PhD I have published. Approx. In NIT Rapport and the renovating technology department I have. Started with the basic electrical engineering. Particularly from Indian IT Raipur, I have dealt with the electrical machines. And indie electrical machines in the most of the time I have. Uh, deal with the electrical machines lab? Uh, where we have the speed control method and uh, for for the DC machines and. For AC machines also. So apart from the machines I have. Also taken. A drive slap. And the Power System lab also. So in the apart from the NIT report. Uh, since I have the exchange experience in energy. Renewal is in Technology Management department in the. The Ravi Shankar in city. Where I have taught the renewable engine technology and deal with the different subject application based subject. Where some project I have dealt with. With this room.

So you spent a lot of time teaching labs—especially on electrical machines and drives—and you mentioned working with speed control methods for both DC and AC machines. Can you give me an example of how you'd explain the principle of DC motor speed control to a student who's struggling to connect the theory with what they're seeing in the lab?

Uh, industry machines. Speed control. Particularly, we have utilized. The decision motor. Where the in the 40 speed control method we have the two different methods. Is parameter control method and the field control method. Where in the armature control method this? Speed of the DC motor is very. With the help of the. Our mature parent. And in the field control method. Uh, the speed of the DC motor is controlled by the. Uh field flux. So they are the two different methods apart from the direct control method is also there. So it is a. Particularly for the different automotives, and can be applicable.

Alright, so you used both armature and field control methods to teach DC motor speed control, and connected those to applications in automotives and industry.

Look for the different industries also. So. In field Hindi. Suppose we have to. Need a uh, high tar cooperation or the. Actual the direct direct speed or the the range of the speed is the minimum and we need a. Particular for the lower range. Then we use go for the armature controller. That is possible since we know that the armature resistance is. A very much lesser, which is in the range of particularly .5010. Where is in the field control method we have the. The distance of the field winding. About in the range of. 50 ohm, 500 ohm or 2000 ohm likewise. So by the field control or the by field flux method we can have the. Large range of the speed. And when we need a certain change in the speed, we. Apply the armature control. And if you want. The gradual speed or for the higher ranges. We can go for the. Field control method.

Professor, I noticed your recent journal paper titled “SMART Based Multi-Point Matching Assisted Approximation of Renewable Interconnected Power System” in IEEE Access. Can you share how the research methods or findings from that work have influenced how you teach complex power system concepts to undergraduate students?

Surely in this paper I have considered the. Uh, higher, higher, higher order system. Where the since? When we deal with the Hydra system. We are we are facing a different complexities. Like for the higher system, the modeling and it's uh. Control design is very very tedious and also the complex. And the mathematical expression and the mathematical derivation to obtain for the higher system. Is also very complex and in nature. So we are dealing with the. Approximation or the model or detection? Suppose we are having a uh or a system of order. So let's say 10 of. 20 or the 15? So to design a controller for the that particular order. We are we can face the different difficulties. So first we reduce that system, uh, to. Mimic a different model, uh. Within in the range of two second or the 3rd order likewise. And after that we have. And when we got the 2nd order or the 3rd order model for that higher order system? We can design a controller for that higher the system. In that paper, the lower order model is. Designed with the help of the smart that is the systematic uh. A simple multi attribute, uh. Ranking technique. Where I have considered the. The time movement and the Markov parameter of the higher order system. And then identified. The our desired order model uh. And then? It's time movement. Markov parameters compared. So when we have the lesser. Uh, error in between our proposed model and this system. In between. Error between the time movement and the Markov Markov parameter. So we can have uh. We can say that the our proposed model is better. So for that we have. Just obtain A objective function. Which is which objective is to just minimize the error in between the hardware system and the reduced order model. And the smart method is utilized. To provide a weightage in between our tentative objective. Suppose our first objective is the minimization of the error in between the time movement. That is basically a related with the. Uh, related with the minimization of error in between? This steady state matching. And the transient secondary Markov parameter minimization error is related with the directly our. Uh, transient, uh, error matching. So for the both the weightage we are utilizing the smart. So based on our the priority. FDA weightage which is associated with the objective function we are providing. Then after that, by minimizing our objective function, we can have the second order model. And for that aspect. To propose the suitability and the efficiency efficacy of our proposed model. Uh, we have compared or we have provided the different, uh, responses and the tabular comparison. In that.

So you used model order reduction and SMART weighting to simplify controller design for high-order systems, and you emphasized comparing time moments and Markov parameters to minimize error. When you teach undergraduates about reduced-order modeling in power systems, how do you help them grasp why this step is so crucial, especially if they aren't comfortable with the underlying math?

Yes. Sure. Suppose we have a. Model of uh third order model where we have in the numerator part uh since it is 1/3 order model so order is disorder of the system is decided by its denominators so. Higher order high. Power, power. And suppose we have the numerator power is 2 and the denominator power is higher order, higher power is 3. So it will be 1/3 order model. So if you want to reduce it to 2nd order model. 1st we have to identify the time moment. So how we can go for a time limit? It is a basically expansion around the South is equal to 0. So for the to obtain the around the s s equal to 0. We can divide the denominator. Uh, denominator. Denominator with respect to the numerator. Then we can have the series of S. Because zero plus H3 power 1 + H to the power 2 and so on. And for to obtain the Markov parameter. We can have. Similar, uh transformation, but it will be the numerator divided by the denominator. So we we will have the S to the power -1 St. For -2. Likewise series. So it is a basically a trader's expansion. So by identifying the time movement. Are by expansion around. This is equal to 0. And by and expansion around the South is equal to Infinity, we can have the Markov parameter. So by analyzing these time movement in the Markov parameter, we can get the information about the steady state characteristics of the system and the transient characteristics of the system. And if you want to map the higher order system with respect to our. Model SO. If we can minimize based on the the different overshoot undershoot study state and the transient response likewise.

Right, let's shift to your research productivity and funding strategy. Given your experience with model reduction and renewable power systems, where do you see the most promising—and fundable—research directions over the next three years? Which grants or funding sources would you specifically target to support this work?

Specifically, I'm very fortunate to research in the research area that I have currently working with my one of the mentor, Professor Luke Fortuna. Who is also the one of the gems in the area of the model or direction he has the most of the uh. The many books he has published in many books and currently he's a I'm collaborating with him. And currently doing with some. With books and some projects. So I'm targeting since the mild reduction is having its application in the huge. Area. Uh, particularly in the industrial aspects and uh, also the aerospace, underwater robotics, etcetera. So I can have the project and the grants in the area of the. Order reduction and since uh. The order reduction itself. It is a widely uh, uh. Experimental in the different industrial aspects, so I am targeting with. For the different projects and the grants. For the implementation of the in the industrial area and also I am collaborating. I am targeting to collaborate with the. Some DRDO projects one of the. Some of the my colleagues and also. Working in the area of the control. They are in the DRDO as a scientist, so I'm just, uh. I wanted to connect with them since uh. I don't have any particular. Platform in the background. So I'm unable to just. Get that particular amount. If I get the opportunity, surely I will go for the. Such type of grants and the research.

Alright, shifting gears to your teaching approach—Professor, imagine you're designing a core course in Power Electronics at VIT University. But you can't use traditional lectures or slides for most sessions. How would you keep 150 students actively engaged and ensure they understand the practical applications of the material?

Surely now the era is about the overall interest in the field of the. Practical application. Capability not. Only the particular subject. But since I have having the uh. More than 10 years experience, I know how to deal with the student. And particularly in the, in the recent area, students are that much, uh. Capable to deal with the some. Platforms. Uh, with the Internet. So I will start with them to just connect with the practical applications with the. Polyelectronics. Since we have the in the our surroundings, we have the lots of. Lots of applications of the polyelectronics also. Which is uh, it started with the uh, our uh. Electrical gadgets or a electrical appliances. So I will just tell them the how. What are these examples? What are the? Suppose I'm taking example of the rectifier, what it is? It uses what is the basic difference between the inverter and the rectifier. Likewise by telling them example of the other. Household. Things and the gadgets. So that they can differentiate and they can be interested in the. Field of our. Main curriculum which is which are which? Vijaya going to study. So by doing all these things, we can also I can plan for the some industrial visit and the OR. Some some short of. But talks, which is organized by the outside. Outside the industry or from the? The external. Experts who are the. Expert in particular field.

Makes sense — you’re focusing on real engagement by connecting theory to everyday tech and bringing industry into the classroom. Let’s talk about your role beyond teaching and research. Accreditation cycles can be demanding — if you joined our department and found that outcome assessment data was inconsistent across courses, how would you approach fixing that?

Yes, I'm very much fortunate that I have experience in the government during college, Raipur and IT Raipur and the Renewable energy technology management. Uh, Pandit Rabbi Shankar University. So Indian IT Raipur since I have the eight years experience in IT Raipur in the electrical engineering department. I have dealt with the some of the next. NBA accreditation. So I have worked for the different coursework file and the different points starting from the point point. B 4.5 There are the different points in the NBA accreditation, so I have dealt with the different points. And we fortunately 43 times we got the accreditation in the NIT report. Particularly quasi electrical engineering. Department apart from that when I was in the amenity Jaipur as a research scholar. At that time also we got the. We have accredited in the electrical engineering department at that time also. Along with my supervisor, I have engaged with the different accreditation work. So I have the idea about how. Deal with the different accreditation schemes and for the. Benefit of the other. Uh, academia or the particularly for our uh. Branch or our department or the university?

Alright, Professor, let’s consider an ethical scenario. Imagine a student files a formal complaint that your grading is biased, but at the same time, your department head is urging you to raise pass rates to meet institutional targets. How would you handle the situation, balancing fairness, transparency, and the pressure from leadership?

Such type of conditions I have already dealt in the some of the institutions and such a Puppeteer conditions we can also. Make a balance in between the student and the UH and the management. So since the we have to just attach by after after the checking the Marks and the end semester marks, we have to show the answer book to the students. And after that I have just before the examination, I will just. Categorize the marks based on their. Their answers. In the different sections. So I will just satisfy the students that. Based on your the uh. Answer book I have given you the marks. And and suppose they are if they are not satisfied M if I got the. Communication from our. Higher authorities. So I will say that based on that I will just proportion in the proportionality. I will just. Make the manipulation for the. All the all the marks of this return. OK. It is not the biasing of the one single resident, it so that it will be benefited to the resident. But uh, until, unless, uh, it will be directly, uh, the. Uh, maintain the curve or the Gaussian curve for the distribution of the mark among the each and everyone. Starting from the first readings to the last. So by doing this I can make a balance so that that student can be. Not in the favorable case, but also for the other students and also I have to satisfy our my.

Am I audible?

Yeah, you're coming through clearly, Professor. So to recap — you'd maintain transparency by showing answer scripts and justifying your grading, but if pressured from leadership, you'd apply any adjustment across the board, not just for one student, to keep things fair. If your department head still pushed for higher pass rates even after your approach, what would you do next?

For unethical. Yeah, I won't go for this, but. For ethical things, since uh, uh, some of these students, uh. For the medical reason, they have not up. We are in the. Uh, classes or. They are unable to gain.

Given your background in Power Electronics and Power Systems, do you have any industry connections that could translate into internship or placement opportunities for students here at VIT University?

Their class class class. So I will give another chance. So I will just. Yes, of course in. UH M from the MNIT Jaipur and the NIT Raipur. Some of the my colleagues, they are also from the. A polychronic background and they are also working in the some EP based company and not only the in India. But also outside the India. So I can have the uh, connections and I can uh. The recommend some of the experience for the. They may go for the internship or the some for the basement work also. So yes, I have the opportunity to. To get this to provide these things, uh, platform. For the intensive and for the air. So placement hopefully. If I join the. Uh, Vit. And I will be fortunate to join the.

Likewise some of. Uh, my fellows are, uh, already from the polyelectronics fields. They are working in the deal with the batteries and also they are, uh, dealing with the EV technologies. And also some of the faculties. Going the abroad 40 day research work. The NDR pursuing the postdoc. So if. Uh, I got the opportunity then I can recommend. The students to go for some internship or some. For the projects. And also for the collaborative work I will do with. Uh, let's let's type. Hindi such type of platform that I will uh. I may have. At the opportunity. So yes, of course I will. Provide the uh. Put enormous. Platform and the good opportunity to the students if I got the opportunity in the VIT. In terms of the internship at placement and the also the research collaboration.

Okay, so you’ve got colleagues in power electronics working with battery tech, EVs, and even some abroad who could help with internships and research opportunities. Can you name one specific company or lab, either in India or internationally, where you’ve successfully placed a student or collaborated on a project?

Since I have completed my PhD recently so I have not recommended any of them. But since I have the connection so I can uh. Name the uh. A company that can provide or that can. Work with us. For the research collaboration. Particularly in the electric uh. Vehicle. Vehicle area, The oboe electronics. Which are dealing with. The battery set back. Uh, batteries and the. EV Designing. Or these particular Power Electronics? You type or the anise. Or some. Uh, projects to. One of the my uh. Research Collaboration. Is from the Luxembourg University where doctor. There is also in the. Uh, they're uh Goal and their automation. So I can and also.

Okay, let's shift focus to your technical skill set now. Say you're troubleshooting a faulty inverter in a lab setting—it intermittently trips even under rated load.

And also my. Mentor Professor Lukey Fortuna, who is in the Italy University of Catania. Particularly for the I have not dealt with the electronics since I have the background for the. Control but in the polyelectronics if that is strip for the underload condition I will first go for. There a few check and also their circuitry, uh, completion. So first I will go with the uh. A multimeter and check. Their inter interconnection. So it will be the faulty or. And after that? I will go for the their internal diagnosis.

Alright, so you'd start with a multimeter to check interconnections and then move to internal diagnostics if needed. What if you found no wiring faults or obvious hardware issues—how would you test for subtle control system problems or firmware bugs in the inverter?