Hello.

Hello.

Am I audible?

Yes, Professor, you are audible. Could we begin by having you introduce your professional journey in academia?

Hello.

Yes.

OK.

Please share your professional journey in academia.

OK, thank you. I am Mohammed Afzal and I have applied for the Assistant Professor of finance in your institute. And now I want to introduce my academic journey that I have enrolled in illegal Muslim University in Pcon, BCON for Fin for finance and accounting and then MBA for financial management and later I joined. Citus, AMC financial firm that provide finance for.

A building and other construction.

Loans. And then I left the job and joined a PhD. There I studied a I, I mean.

Frameworks and technology acceptance models and users behavior models and understand how users behave when they encounter a cyber threat, cyber fraud, and how they protect themselves, their digital accounts like banking accounts and teacher their financial transactions so that they can safely safely use their digital presence.

Cybersecurity on ebanking adoption where I integrated the different cybersecurity.

The other.

Is it OK?

Yes, Professor, thank you for sharing your academic journey and accomplishments. I appreciate the clarity and depth in your introduction.

Thank you.

You're welcome, Professor. Shall we continue with the interview?

OK, yes.

Please.

Professor, let's start by discussing your expertise in Financial Analytics. Can you describe your approach to leveraging tools and techniques such as Power BI, SPSS, or R for analyzing complex financial datasets?

I can't understand you what?

Certainly, Professor. Let me rephrase the question for clarity. Can you explain how you use tools like Power BI, SPSS, or R for analyzing financial datasets and making informed decisions? For example, in areas like risk management or investment analysis.

OK, that's great. Yes, uh, the power BI is a very useful tool that used to that used to analyze data and present in such a way that could be a very.

Understandable to the users and that's why we and SPSS is a statistical tool package which used to analyze the associations and understanding of the research whatever the whatever we are finding and likewise other software. And tools that is being used to understand the financial analyst like for example when we are using Power BI, we are actually using sales profit and their financial statements of the banking or any other forms. And then we use Power BI to evaluate the how much sale during the year and during the month and how much it has growth and whatever those can be used in Power BI and Power BI uses those data in raw form and you just.

Get them a command and to evaluate what is the sales of that year and how much the profit and how much the expenses it will present in such a beautiful form that you can just look at the figure and the graph and the charts and you can understand whatever the data is data is given to that Power BI so I think and SPSS we use to study the data analysis where we. I mean.

Uh, hypothesis, our research understanding where we, for example, we propose A hypothesis that, that do cyber, cyber fraud, cyber security threats affect the, the financial financial sector stock price, and then we give the data of all those. Stock price return during the year and then ask the and then give the command to the dependent and independent variable and then it will give whether that cyber threat or some incident of cyber threat has actually affected.

Financial stock price of that financial institution on the basis we can make understanding, make understanding or make a interpretation of those results and give that whether this is whether this this cyber threat affect the financial stock price or not.

Yes, regression analysis technique which actually predict what predict on the basis of past data and you predict the what will be going to have have it happening in future. In that way we use these regression analysis I mean use degradation method to give a particular data and then then follow those methods and then predict those effect in future for example when we study. The stock price of financial financial firms during cyber fraud we give them. A particular data and then we analyze what will be the their, uh, after effect in future if the such thing happens, uh, in the same way, uh, we use that, uh, regression analysis and then we analyze whatever the result. And we found that this is a 5 percent, 8% or 30% effective. And then if the such thing happen continuously, then it will be in future that the same will happen like cyber fraud if increasing cyber fraud and if you find that there is a positive. Effect of cyber fraud, then we will certainly whenever the cyber fraud. Increases, sorry, if we find that there is a negative effect of cyber fraud in stock price, then whenever the cyber fraud incident increases, cyber threat incident increases. The same way the stock price of the firm will decreases if we find a positive, if we find that there is a positive relation, this means that when the cyber fraud increases and the cyber I mean the stock price is also going to increase, but it is not possible because whenever.

Understood, Professor. Thank you for elaborating on how Power BI and SPSS are utilized in financial analytics alongside hypothesis testing. Now, as a follow-up, could you share how techniques like regression analysis or visualization can help you guide your students when teaching them to interpret financial data effectively?

Any cyber threat increases, it actually, uh, deteriorate the trust of users and then they try to sell it and that's why the prices going down. Likewise, when you use these financial data and the prediction and use to predict the Power BI, the Power BI is a tool which actually present the in graphical form in in graphical form or in like label form in such a way that it it utilizes the findings in such a way that it could be understood just upon looking it without going to read the text and understanding what the effect of sales, what the effect of cyber fraud and whatever.

What the effect that has been predicted? So I think that this this way I can use it in teaching the class.

Thank you, Professor. You’ve provided a comprehensive view of leveraging regression analysis for predictions and using visual tools like Power BI for impactful teaching. Let's move forward. Can you outline your approach to teaching both theory and laboratory-based courses in finance, particularly ensuring students grasp complex concepts in a structured manner?

Yes, uh, whenever the the theory and the practical is going hand in hand, whenever we try to teach student in class, we first present the theory. For example, if I am going to teach the capital structure, there are two theories. UH-1 is the relevant theory. Another one is the irrelevant theory. When I teach the student that what the relevant and irrelevant theory means. You know, for example, when I say that a traditional approach and NI approach is talking about. Relevant theory which means that the theory talks about that whatever the capital structure is the the capital structure is the forms value will not be affected. This means that whatever we follow the whatever the capital structure we follow the form value will not be effective. And other way the theory which says that capital structure has relevant that like. Sorry I think I missed it. The relevant theory is NI approach and.

Uh, traditional approach talks about the relevancy of the, the capital structure, while MMM approach and NOI approach talks about irrelevancy of the, uh, the theory we, we relevancy of the capital structure. We talked about that capital structure is irrelevant. Whatever the, uh, the capital structure we follow, it has no effect on the, I mean.

Now on the forms value in this way, if we look into detail understanding, uh, then I will explain entire thing and then ask the student take a take, uh, the example of some form like Geo or any other form which is working there in like financial bank and then look into the area capital structure, how much they have equity and how much they have, uh, they have. Debt fund and look into the over the year changes whether they have a a constantly.

Making the same capital structure are, uh, changes it. But when, uh, when we analyze that there are some firm which has, uh, changes in their capital structure, we will look into it and then find it, whether their capital structure, uh, the, their capital structure actually enhance their value. And then I will explain the student and why this happened and why not this happened. And in this way, we will explain. And the the theories and the practical go hand in hand.

Thank you, Professor. You've outlined a clear approach to blending theory with practical applications, ensuring students gain both conceptual understanding and real-world insights. To follow up, how do you evaluate student understanding and performance in such courses, especially in balancing theoretical assessments with application-based tasks?

Yes, I really first of all there are assessment. When I assess the student will take into the first basic understanding. When I explain the theory, then I ask a few follow up questions that what you understand about relevance and irrelevance theory, what is the capital structure and how you can define it and then on upon understanding this, then I will let them follow that what I have asked them. Let's take the. Let's take a company and their capital structure and then. Find find it whether they have changed their capital structure over the time, and then we will find that whether this this changes of capital structure actually happens to.

Giving them the questions, understanding and explaining it during the process while giving them and then explaining the same thing in the on the board and explaining the same thing on their copy or anything else and then we will evaluate. This way I can understand that whether the student are grading and grasping my knowledge what I am teaching to the student or not And in this way we can evaluate their performance based on my teaching during the class.

Changing their phone by and then I will understand it how student responded to my answer and then we will have a grading system of 30%. If some student on the on the first go qualify the 30 or 40% then we will think that this approach is actually affecting. If this is not happening then we will tend to try to flip some other way like giving them the real example.

Yes, my research approach to selecting research topic are research domain. Is that how much less? First I will search the research review and or I will search for the statement problem. For example, when I when I started for my research cybersecurity and cyber, I found that there are numerous news of cyber fraud has been happening in in the recent time. Then I look into the research and look into the literature and found that how much work has been done and then based on that I will find the gap. What areas has been remain in during that literature and then formulate based on that gap, I will formulate some research questions. On that research question, we will formulate some hypothesis and try to like the While I was searching for the literature, I find that there are certain areas that no no integrated model has been developed during the research in India and then I. Formulated an integrated model approach to understand how cybersecurity.

Understood, Professor. You've emphasized an iterative and responsive approach to evaluation—combining theoretical queries, real-world examples, and adaptive strategies to ensure student comprehension and performance. Let's proceed. Academic research is an essential component of this role. Can you share your approach to selecting research topics and publishing in reputed journals in the finance domain?

And threats affecting E banking users financial behaviour likewise. Then after finding that I adopted 33 models like a technology acceptance model, theory of planned behaviour and also the protection motivation theory which speaks that how users protect themselves when they when they find the three find the three during cyber fraud like E banking users. And in this way I follow those approach and find based on that.

Research methodology I've particularly I I choose a proper methodology that is structural equation modeling which I have used in my research thesis. In this way I analyzed, I collect the data and analyze the data and then interpret that whether this finding whether this finding in is go as per the theory or not and then report the result and then. Make some conclusion based on that whether such hypers has been accepted or not accepted like in my.

Case I found that technology acceptance model has been a very instrumental in understanding cybersecurity while. Because the student the the users who found the cyber security features of E banking is easy to use and usefulness, they are more likely to adopt electronic banking during cyber fraud, and those users who found their cyber threat is more. Challenging and. Severe they are found that they they found negative they shows negative effect when they found that cyber threat is challenging to them and they are not able to protect their effort and those who.

You have coping appraisal, which means that those users found that their ability of cyber security knowledge and skill is useful and they can they can protect their electronic banking transaction, they they are more likely to use electronic banking. In this way, I formulated my research approach to finding a relevant research topic, research title, and research area.

Thank you, Professor. You've provided an insightful overview of your research methodology—from identifying gaps to leveraging integrated models and structural equation modeling for meaningful insights. Now, a follow-up: How do you ensure your research contributions are impactful and meet the standards of reputed journals in your domain?

Yes, yes, that's very interesting question that how I ensure that my research is very following the standard. I will found the ethical method that I I will follow the ethical way of data collection. I will follow the methodology and research and report in such a way that whatever I obtained from my research and my data, I will report only those things that has been actually allocated without. Manipulating our window, addressing the research methods and. Data collection and the results in such a way I will interpret whatever I find during my research. If I find that such such effect is despite it goes against the theory. But I found that just data reflect this result. I will going to report in the same way as it is at I I have been found during my research and I will always look into the research generals standard method that what they follow. While accepting a high accepting research.

And I will go through their general skill like for example. While I was in I am Ahmedabad presenting a research paper, they talks about that we only we only accept those research which has theory back. This means that most of the high reported general actually look into the theory that what theory has been utilized during the research and what to what you have actually understand while doing this research. Likewise, I also report the standard method and standard methodology that has been utilized in.

In my research in this way, I will mainly I will focus on ethical standards of research, reporting the right thing, reporting, choosing the right methodology, choose and revealing entire thing that has been done during the research.

Thank you, Professor. Your emphasis on ethical rigor, adherence to standards, and theoretical foundations demonstrates a commendable commitment to impactful academic research. Let us shift focus. Can you describe how you guide students in selecting and executing their projects or research work, ensuring both relevance and academic quality?

Sorry to interrupt, we're down to the last 5 minutes.

OK, that's, that's great. I I will guide my student to choose the relevant and very relevant and very standard topic standard research by guiding them in a proper way. First I will advise them choose the high standard general and search for the high standard literature and look for the real problem, real time real life problem like in my case, I choose the cyber cyber security threes on electronic.

Making digital digital banking in the way I will choose, I will explain the student that how this this this standard is followed and then I will explain that how to choose the relevant structure, relevant relevant literature and then find the gap after.

I will guide them that what is the evidence gap? What is the method?

To the students and then.

Understood, Professor. You're committed to ensuring students identify real-world problems, utilize high-standard research methods, and address evidence gaps effectively. Finally, could you elaborate on your experience with industry collaborations or consultancy projects? How have these experiences informed your teaching or research?

Yes, yes, uh, during my, umm, academi, I, as I was and, and, and writer inside the CMC there I, I, I was, uh, appointed as a post closing where I evaluate that how the, the loan has been distributed and looking to the documents that the loan the, the those loan taker has provided. And we were evaluating whether such loan can be reached for resale as in America, United States. They they actually resell the loan and service for collecting more money so that they can provide again more loan to other users by selling to the secondary market like Freddie May and and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. There are two standard secondary market where the loan document has been sold, loan securities has been sold and the amount has been. In this will this will help my understanding to explain the student and make collaboration with the industry.

Like HR and other relevant those who are on the top top level management and will ask them to collaborate with our student and let them explain how they are doing new research and new techniques to in financial management.

Thank you, Professor. Your insights into loan evaluations, secondary market mechanisms, and industry collaboration highlight valuable real-world experiences that can enrich your academic contributions and student engagement. Those were my questions. Do you have any final thoughts or queries regarding the position?

Yes, I I can't understand what.

Yes, I found this very new, new process that I have been introduced by an AI and this is very new and very first time that I have been encountering. And I found that whatever I explained it has been crashed by you. Very good. And something which you have pointed out that I have explained in slight way, but you have pointed out in such a technical way or some more understanding way that that makes me understanding that AI could be.

Of course, Professor. What I'm asking is whether you have any additional thoughts, questions, or concerns about this opportunity or the process?

Place for human and that's, uh, that could be, uh, a good thing in future. And I would like to understand more thing about AI process.

Yes, I would like to conclude the interview and I I actually agree with the point that AI is a compliment, not the replacement for the human.

Thank you, Professor. It's wonderful to hear your thoughts on this process. For now, we're focused on your interview, so let me address your observation: AI is here to complement human efforts, not replace them, especially in academia, where the intellectual and interpersonal contributions of educators like yourself are irreplaceable. If you have no further concerns about the position itself, can I confirm that you would like to conclude the interview?